Chapter VII
(4) Wisdom is mentioned immediately after renunciation: (a) because renunciation is
perfected and purified by wisdom; (b) because the Buddha wishes to teach that there is
no wisdom without
jhÈna
(including renunciation); (c) because He wishes to teach
wisdom which is the basic cause of equanimity, immediately after teaching
renunciation which is the basic cause of concentration of the mind; and (d) because He
wishes to teach that only by sustained thinking (renunciation) directed towards the
welfare of others can there arise knowledge of skilful means (
UpÈya-kosalla ©ÈÓa
) in
working for their welfare.
(5) Energy is stated immediately after wisdom: (a) because the function of wisdom is
fulfilled by application of energy; (b) because the Buddha wishes to teach marvels of
endeavours for the welfare of beings after teaching wisdom that comprehends with
insight the nature of reality which is void of personality or self; (c) because He wishes
to teach that the cause for exertion
3
immediately after the cause for equanimity; and
(d) because He wishes to teach that special benefits accrue only from ardent striving
after making careful consideration.
(6) Forbearance is mentioned immediately after energy: (a) because forbearance is
fulfilled by energy (as only an energetic man can withstand all suffering that he
encounters); (b) because the Buddha wishes to teach that energy is an adornment of
forbearance (as forbearance, shown by an indolent man because he cannot win, is not
dignified, whereas forbearance, shown by an energetic man in spite of his winning
position, is); (c) because He wishes to teach the cause of concentration immediately
after teaching the cause of energy (as restlessness (
uddhacca
), due to excessive energy,
is abandoned only by understanding the
dhamma
through reflection on it,
dhammanijjhÈnakkhanti
); (d) because He wishes to teach that only an energetic man
can constantly endeavour (as only a man of great forbearance is free from restlessness
and always able to perform meritorious deeds); (e) because He wishes to teach that
craving for reward cannot arise when endowed with mindfulness as one works
diligently for the welfare of others (as there can be no craving when one reflects on
the
dhamma
in undertaking welfare works); and (f) because He wishes to teach that a
Bodhisatta bears with patience the suffering caused by others, also when he is not
working diligently for their welfare (as evidenced from the C|la DhammapÈla JÈtaka,
etc.)
(7) Truthfulness is mentioned immediately after forbearance: (a) because forbearance can
be maintained for long through truthfulness as one's forbearance will last only when
one is truthful; (b) because having mentioned first, forbearance of wrongs inflicted by
others, the Buddha wishes to teach next how the Bodhisatta keeps his word to render
assistance even to those who have done him wrong ungratefully. (At the time of
receiving the prophecy, the Bodhisatta
,
aspiring to Buddhahood, makes the resolution
to rescue all beings.) True to this firm determination he renders help even to those who
defilements remain at the base of mental continuum as a latent tendency, not manifesting
themselves as a mental property; (ii)
pariyutthana
, the stage where defilements come into
existence from the latent stage, manifesting themselves as a mental property at the mind's door.
(iii)
vitikkama
, the stage where defilements become violent and uncontrollable, manifesting
themselves in some unwholesome physical or verbal actions.
The observance of precepts inhibits the active expression of defilements (
vitikkama
) through body
or speech. This is temporary putting away of defilement (
tadanga-pahana
).
The practice of concentration meditation (
samathabhavana
), especially at the stage of attainment
of
jhÈna,
prevents the violent arising of mental defilements at the mind's door (
pariyutthana
). This
is putting away of defilements to a distance for a considerable time (
vikkhambhana-pahana
).
Defilements are entirely eradicated right down to the level of dormacy through
paÒÒÈ
(knowledge
of the path of Fruition), leaving no trace of defilements in the mental continuum. This is complete
eradication of defilements which are never to rise again (
samuccheda-pahana
).
3. Exertion:
paggaha
, which means ‘support’, ‘help’, ‘aid’, ‘exertion’; here ‘exertion’ may be the
most appropriate.