THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
942
and he strives to gain Insight and Path-Knowledge, (the
lomavedha
); (3) On
witnessing one of his family suffering from illness or die in his presence, he has
urgent religious awakening, and he strives to gain Insight and Path-Knowledge (the
cammavedha
); (4) Only on meeting with some serious illness himself, he has
urgent religious awakening, and he strives to gain Insight and Path-Knowledge,
(the
aÔÔhivedha
).
Deva Gopaka placed those three
bhikkhus
in the fourth category above and
therefore considered that they ‘needed goading to the extreme’.
In Sakka's story the passage, ‚two of them gained mindfulness that set them up at
the first
jhÈna
there and then, and were reborn in the Brahmapurohita realm‛ needs
some explanation. On hearing the words of Deva Gopaka, two out of the three
samaÓa
devas thought: ‚Normally, we ought to be rewarded for our service in
entertaining them, but now, instead of any rewards, we are being scolded right
from the start, like salt sprinkled onto a hotplate. How is this?‛ Reflecting on their
past existence, they saw vividly that they had been
bhikkhus
, that they had pure
morality, that they had attained
jhÈna
, and that they used to go to Gopaka the
Sakyan lady's residence, for daily alms-food.
They reflected their situation thus: ‚Person established in morality can wish for
any of the six deva realms. Person who have attained
jhÈna
usually are reborn in
the BrahmÈ realms. Yet we have not been able to get rebirth in the higher deva
realms or in the BrahmÈ realms. The young lady, who followed our instructions, is
now reborn in the higher deva realm. Although we had been
bhikkhus
and practised
the Noble Path under the BhagavÈ, we are reborn as
gandhabba
devas, which are
inferior class of devas (due to our liking for
gandhabba
existence where we had
been repeatedly reborn before). That is the reason why this Deva Gopaka is saying
words of rebuke.‛ The two of them took these words to heart and regained
mindfulness of the first
jhÈna
(i.e., they attained the first
jhÈna
) and, based on that
concentration, they contemplated, on the impermanence, woefulness and non-self
nature of mind and matter, conditioned by causes, and attained
anÈgÈmÊ-phala
there
and then.
An
anÈgÈmÊ-puggala
or a Never-Returner has a class of supramundane
consciousness that does not fit well with the Five Aggregates pertaining to the
gandhabba
existence of the Sensuous Sphere; that class of consciousness is
superior to that of the Sense Sphere existence. Hence as soon as
anÈgÈmÊ-magga
was attained, these two
ariya
devas passed away from the deva existence and were
reborn in the Brahmapurohita realm, the middle plane of the three Fine-material
realms, because they attained the first
jhÈna
which is the medium class of
jhÈna
.
Although it is said that they were reborn in the Brahmapurohita realm, their bodies
did not appear in that BrahmÈ realm. They remained in TÈvatiÑsa Deva realm (at
the Assembly Hall for the discussion of the Dhamma) in the form of
Brahmapurohita BrahmÈs instead of the
gandhabba
deva forms.
The third
gandhabba
deva was unable to give up his clinging to the
gandhabba
existence and so remained in his present existence as a CatumahÈrÈjikÈ deva.
(These details are as explained in the Commentary.)
After Sakka, Lord of the Devas, has related in prose to the Buddha the story of Deva
Gopaka, he further spoke in fifteen stanzas on the same subject. Then in three more
stanzas, he sang in praise of the Buddha's attributes, the Teaching of the Buddha, and the
purpose of his visit which was to attain the supramundane
magga-phala
like that attained
by those two BrahmÈs. He then concluded his last three stanzas with a request that if the
Buddha would permit, he would put certain questions (and hear the Buddha's answers on
them). The last of Sakkas eighteen stanzas is as follows:
Tassa
dhamma
ssa pattiyÈ ÈgatamhÈsi mÈrisa
KatÈvakÈsÈ bhagavatÈ paÒhaÑ pucchemu mÈrisa.