Chapter 39
protection for
bhikkhu
-disciples,
bhikkhunÊ
-disciples, male lay disciples, female lay
disciples; it could enable them to free themselves from harassment of
yakkhas
, and
to lead a peaceful, carefree life in all the bodily postures.‛
Ritual for Reciting The ŒÔÈnÈÔiya Paritta
The reciter of ŒÔÈnÈtiya Paritta must have a thorough knowledge of the
Paritta
, both in
word and meaning. He must be able to enunciate every word correctly. Should there occur
any flaw in enunciating it or any deficiency in reciting it, the efficacy of the
Paritta
will
not be as great as it should. Its efficacy depends on the overall efficiency in the reciting.
If the reciter has any self motive of personal gain in the learning and reciting the
Paritta
,
the objective of the
Paritta
, will not be achieved. The reciter should be primarily motivated
by a desire to gain liberation from the round of rebirths, and recite the
Paritta
in an attitude
of good will to all.
—— Commentary on PÈthika vagga ——
In driving out the
yakkha
that has possessed a person, MettÈ Sutta, Dhajagga Sutta, Ratana
Sutta should be tried first. Only if the reciting of those Suttas for even whole days fail,
should ŒÔÈnÈÔiya Paritta be recited.
Some teachers advised
: The reciting
bhikkhu
should abstain from cakes made from
dough, fish, meat and non-vegetarian foods, nor should he dwell at a cemetery. The reason
is that
yakkhas
are fond of those kinds of food, and like to frequent cemeteries so that they
could get better opportunity to possess men.
The place where the
Paritta
is to be recited should be plastered with fresh cow-dung. A
clean seat should be spread for the reciter, who should see to his personal cleanliness.
The
bhikkhu
who is to recite the
Paritta
should be brought to the assigned place at the
house of the victim, surrounded by an armed guard. The recital should not be made in an
open space. It must be made in a fully enclosed room, well guarded with armed men. The
reciter should have an attitude of good will to all (i.e., including the recalcitrant
yakkha
).
The diffusion of
mettÈ
is the internal security for the reciter while an armed guard is the
external security. These precautions are necessary for a trouble-free recital.
First of all, the victim must be made to get established in the (Five) Precepts. Only after
being established in the Five Precepts should the
Paritta
be recited for his protection.
These measures should put an end to the harassment of
yakkhas
.
If the
yakkha
does not release the victim after the end of the recital, the victim should be
carried to the monastery and laid on the stupa precincts. An offering, at the place where the
victim is lying, will be made to the Buddha together with offerings of lights. The stupa
precincts must then be swept clean. Auspicious stanzas (of Ma~gala Sutta) should then be
recited as a preliminary measure. Then a loud proclamation should be made calling upon
all
bhikkhus
residing within the monastic area to assemble on the stupa precincts. There
will be a certain tree in a grove in the vicinity of the monastery where a guardian tree spirit
is traditionally said to reside. A person should be sent to that tree to act as official
messenger of the congregation of
bhikkhus
, where he should say: ‚O
yakkhas
, your
presence is wanted by the
bhikkhu-
Sangha.‛ The
yakkhas
who resided in that area
(including the
yakkha
who has possessed the victim) cannot neglect the formal invitation
because he does not dare to disregard the authority of the Buddha and the four Great
Guardian Kings.
Then the victim must be asked: ‚Who are you?‛ (Addressing the victim here is
addressing the
yakkha
that has possessed him.) When the
yakkha
reveals his name, the
bhikkhus
should say: ‚Friend so-and-so, we share our merit in our offerings of flowers,
seat, and alms-food to the Buddha. The Sangha have recited for your benefit auspicious
stanzas; these stanzas are the friendly gift of the Sangha to you. Now, out of respect for the
Sangha, release this victim.‛
The recalcitrant
yakkha
should respond to the request of the
bhikkhu
congregation, made
in loving kindness. If he does not respond, then an invocation should be made to the thirty-