Chapter 39
Chapter 39
HOW THE Œ®ŒNŒ®IYA PARITTA CAME TO BE TAUGHT
t one time, the Buddha was staying in the monastery on the Gijjakuta Hill near
RÈjagaha. During that time, DhataraÔÔha, Vir|Äaka, Vir|pakkha and Kuvera, the Four
Great Guardian Kings of the four quarters, held a conference at the celestial city of
ŒÔÈnÈÔiya, the abode of Kuvera. After they had carefully arranged for the defences of
TÈvatiÑsa, the abode of Sakka, King of Devas, (against the Asuras) at the four directions,
by employing hordes of
yakkhas, gandhabbas, kumbhaÓÉas
, and
nÈgas
, they composed
stanzas called the
ŒÔÈnÈÔiya
Paritta
on the subject of the seven Buddhas (preceding Buddha
Gotama). ‚Whosoever disregards and goes against the authority of the Buddhas' Doctrine
and the authority of our commandments shall be meted out specific punishments,‛ they
proclaimed. They also placed at the four quarters a big number of
yakkhas, gandhabbas,
kumbhaÓÉas
, and
nÈgas
for their own protection. Around midnight, they went to the
Buddha in resplendent appearances, their personal radiance flooding the entire Gijjhakuta
Hill. After having approached the Buddha, and making obeisance to Him, they sat at a
suitable place.
(Note: It was unusual for devas to sit before the Buddhas' presence, they usually
remained standing. But here they were sitting, out of reverence for the
ŒÔÈnÈÔiya
Paritta
—— Commentary).
The company of
yakkhas
who came with the Four Great Guardian Kings behaved in
different ways in the presence of the Buddha: some of them made obeisance to Him and sat
in a suitable place: some exchanged words of felicitations and sat in a suitable place; some
raised their joined palms in the direction of Him and sat in a suitable place; some declared
their names and lineage and sat in a suitable place; some sat remaining silent.
At that assembly of devas, VessavaÓÓa addressed the Buddha in these words;
‚Venerable Sir, among very powerful
yakkhas,
some have pious faith in the BhagavÈ
while others have not. It is the same with
yakkhas
of middling powers and those of small
powers. Venerable Sir, most
yakkhas
do not have reverence for the BhagavÈ (i.e., they do
not like the BhagavÈ) because the BhagavÈ preaches refraining from killing, stealing,
unlawful sexual conduct, lying and taking intoxicants whereas
yakkhas
generally do not
refrain from killing, stealing, unlawful sexual conduct, lying and taking intoxicants. For
these
yakkhas
who lack morality the five moral precepts is anathema.
‚Venerable Sir, there are many
bhikkhu
disciples of the BhagavÈ who dwell in
monasteries in remote places. These remote places are permanent residences of very
powerful
yakkhas
, who do not show reverence to the BhagavÈ. To win their confidence, to
serve as protection for
bhikkhu-
disciples,
bhikkhunÊ-
disciples, male lay disciples and female
lay disciples of the BhagavÈ, to let them be free from harassment of
yakkhas
, and for a
peaceful, carefree life in all the four bodily postures for everyone, may the BhagavÈ teach
them the ŒÔÈnÈÔiya Paritta to the disciples.‛
(Herein, VessavaÓÓa acted as spokesmen for the four Great Guardian Kings because he
was well acquainted with the Buddha and was also an accomplished speaker.)
The Buddha accepted VessavaÓÓa's proposition by remaining silent.
Seeing that the Buddha approved his suggestion, VessavaÓÓa recited the
ŒÔÈnÈÔiya
Paritta
thus:
The ŒÔÈnÈÔiya Paritta (PÈli).
(1) Vipassissa ca namatthu, cakku mantassa sirÊmato,
Sikhisspi ca namatthu, sabbabhutÈnu kampino.
(2) Vessabhussa ca namatthu, nhÈtakassa tapassino,
A