THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
910
Refuge, worthy of alms given as foundations for welfare hereafter. Only this man has
saraÓa-gamana
.
For a layman or a laywoman who seeks refuge in the Buddha, recognizing the Buddha as
a being worthy of excellent offering (
aggadakkhiÓeyya-puggala
), his or her
saraÓa-gamana
is not adversely affected even though he reveres a relative of alien, heretical monastic
Order, to say nothing of revering a non-heretical monk or a layman in his family. So also a
layman or a laywoman who has sought refuge in the Buddha will not have his or her vow
damaged by revering the king out of fear. The same is true in the case of a layman paying
respect to a heretic who happens to be his former teacher.
(e) Fruit of SaraÓa-gamana
The chief immediate benefits of supramundane
saraÓa-gamana
are the four Fruitions of
the Path gained by
ariyas.
The subsequent benefit is extinction of
saÑsÈra.
In other words,
it is the total extinction of the illusions of permanence, pleasantness and substantiality as
regards the impermanent, unpleasant and insubstantial psychophysical phenomena, etc., are
the benefits of mundane
saraÓa-gamana.
(f) Contamination of SaraÓa-gamana
Mundane
saraÓa-gamana
gets debased owing to ignorance, doubt and misconceptions
about the noble attributes of the Three Jewels. It is not bright, vast and great. The
supramundane
saraÓa-gamana
is free from corruption. It is always clean and pure.
(g) Destruction of SaraÓa-gamana
Supramundane
SaraÓa-gamana
can never be destroyed. The
ariya
who is established in it
does not point out as his or her teacher anyone other than the Three Refuges even in the
next life. It is only the mundane
saraÓa-gamana
that tends to come to destruction.
Its destruction is of two kinds: (1) disastrous destruction and (2) non-disastrous
destruction. The destruction is disastrous when one reveres and seeks refuge in other
heretical teachers in one of the ways described above, thereby giving rise to craving, wrong
belief, etc. When the destruction follows death, it is not disastrous because it does not
involve doing any evil. (The vow taken by Buddhists nowadays as regards taking refuge in
the Buddha, etc. is mundane. Like the observance of the moral precepts, its duration is not
fixed and it ends only with death. This end is not disastrous because it does not involve
craving, wrong belief and other unwholesome states of consciousness.)
Note on UpÈsaka (Lay-devotee)
(
Sutta SÊlakkhan
the Commentary)
Some brief note on
upÈsaka
may be mentioned as follows:
(1) Definition of an
upÈsaka
(2) Function of an
upÈsaka
(3) Morality of an
upÈsaka
(4) Livelihood an
upÈsaka
(5) Failure of an
upÈsaka
(6) Success of an
upÈsaka
These six aspects should be understood.
(a) Definition of An UpÈsaka
An
upÈsaka
is he who seeks refuge in the Three Jewels, irrespective of his birth, high or
low. (Relevant examples contained the SaÑyutta NikÈya.)
(b) Function of An UpÈsaka
His function is to follow the Three Jewels, namely, the Buddha, the Dhamma and Sangha.
(
UpÈsatÊti upÈsako ——
He follows the Three Jewels; therefore he is
upÈsaka
.
UpÈsako ——
a
devotee of the Triple Gem).