Chapter 37
(2) In the story of Pippali, a youth who later became the well-known MahÈ Kassapa,
donned the robe by himself and set out from his brahmin village of MahÈ Tittha to
visit the Buddha. On his way, he saw the Buddha at the foot of the banyan tree called
Bahu-puttaka between RÈjagaha and NÈÄanda. The Buddha was waiting for him from a
distance of three gavutas. As soon as Pippali saw the Buddha, he decided that ‚this
noble ascetic must be the
satthÈ
(teacher) of devas and humans, the
sugata
(good
wayfarer) who has really attained NibbÈna through excellent practice, and the
SammÈsambuddha
(Perfectly Self-Enlightened One) who has rightly penetrated the
right doctrines by Himself. Then he took refuge in the Buddha by uttering: ‚If I am to
see the
satthÈ
of devas and humans, I will see only You. If I am to see the
sugata
, I
will see only You. If I am to see the
SammÈsambuddha
, I will see only You. (i.e. I will
see no other person with my eye of wisdom as my
SatthÈ
,
Sugata
, and
SammÈsambuddha
. I will see only You as my
SatthÈ, Sugata
, and
SammÈsambuddha
.)‛
His utterances indeed amounted to the third mode of taking refuge which is
sissabhÈv'|pa-gamana
saraÓa-gamana
.
(3) The
SaraÓa-gamana
that is marked by the desire to scale protection and shelter in the
Three Jewels, as in the case of the ogre ŒÄÈvaka, the deva
kings, Hemavata and
SÈtÈgira, is termed
TapparÈyana-saraÓa-gamana
.
(4) In the BrahmÈyu Sutta of the Majjhima NikÈya, after the Buddha had answered the
eight question put by the Brahmin BrahmÈyu, the latter was much impressed and so
after rising, he bowed his head to the feet of the Buddha. He also sucked the Buddha's
feet with his mouth and massaged them vigorously, saying: ‚O Gotama! I am the
Brahmin BrahmÈyu‛ and thus mentioning his name.
This gesture of the Brahmin BrahmÈyu showing deep reverence for the Three Jewels is
PaÓipata saraÓa-gamana
.
In short, there is no uniform gesture for the four kinds of
saraÓa-gamana
. There are
many kinds of bodily and verbal actions by which one can show reverence for the Three
Jewels. The Commentary distinguished between four kinds of
saraÓa-gamana
explains the
four kinds of reverences.
Four Kinds of Reverence (PaÓipÈta)
Reverence may be of four kinds, reverence for relatives, reverence from fear, reverence
for the teacher and reverence for one who, as one of the Three Jewels or Refuges, is
worthy of excellent offering.
The
saraÓa-gamana
necessarily presupposes the fourth kind of reverence. It has nothing
to do with the others.
Indeed reverence with faith is essential to
saraÓa-gamana.
This consciousness erodes
only when there is reverence for the bogus Buddha, bogus Dhamma and bogus Sangha in
place of three genuine Jewels.
(1) So a Sakyan or a Koliyan prince has no
saraÓa-gamana
if he reveres the Buddha,
regarding the Buddha as a senior member of their family.
(2) Neither is it
saraÓa-gamana
, if a man reveres the Buddha out of fear that as a
powerful teacher honoured by kings, the Buddha might do harm to him if he showed
no respect.
(3) A man may remember having learnt (some craft) from the Buddha when He was still a
Bodhisatta and now he reveres the Buddha, regarding Him as his former teacher.
Another man may have heard the Buddha's sermon on, say, the apportionment of one's
wealth, i.e., a wise person should spend one fourth of his income on enjoying life, two
fourths (one half) to be invested in business, and the remaining one fourth to be saved
for any emergency. So he looks up to the Buddha as his teacher and reveres Him for
the advice with regard to his material welfare. Now neither of these two men's
reverence has anything to do with
saraÓa-gamana
.
(4) But a certain man reveres the Buddha, believing that He was the real Jewel, the real