THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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the Cessation of Suffering.)
(2) The mundane
saraÓa-gamana
arises in an ordinary person (worldling) when he
contemplates the attributes of the Buddha, the Dhamma and Sangha in the effort to remove
the depravities (
upakkilesa
) that defile
saraÓa-gamana
. Basically this
saraÓa-gamana
means faith in the Buddha, etc. or Right View (
SammÈ-diÔÔhi
) based on faith or a mental
factor of wisdom (
paÒÒÈ
-
cetasika
). As one of the ten meritorious actions (
puÒÒa-kiriya
), it
is called
DiÔÔhijukamma
.
Here faith too is termed
saraÓa-gamana
and so is the faith and wisdom combined.
Mundane consciousness, with regard to the Threefold Refuge, is of two kinds: intelligent
consciousness (
ÒÈÓa-sampayutta
saraÓa-gamana
) and unintelligent consciousness (
ÒÈÓa-
vippayutta
saraÓa-gamana
). The former is the consciousness of the children who recite the
Refuge-formula at the advice of their parents. Here it is only a matter of faith (
saddhÈ-
cetasika
). The intelligent
saraÓa-gamana
is based on the knowledge of the noble
characteristics of the Three Jewels and here faith and wisdom are jointly mentioned as
saraÓa-gamana
because they are easily felt. The actual
saraÓa-gamana
however, is the
consciousness that is led by faith and wisdom.
Again, the mundane
saraÓa-gamana
is of four kinds:
(1)
AttasanniyyÈtana-saraÓa-gamana
=
saraÓa-gamana
by giving up oneself to the Three
Jewels;
(2)
TapparÈyana-saraÓa-gamana
=
saraÓa-gamana
by finding one's support in the Three
Jewels;
(3)
SissabhÈv'|pa-gamana saraÓa-gamana
=
saraÓa-gamana
by becoming a pupil of the
Three Jewels; and
(4)
PaÓipÈtta saraÓa-gamana
=
saraÓa-gamana
by showing great reverence to the Three
Jewels.
Of these four:
(1) Giving up oneself to the Three Jewels involves declaration as follows: ‚From today
onwards I give up myself to the Buddha; I give up myself to the Dhamma; I give up
myself to the Sangha.‛
(2) Finding one's support in the Three Jewels involves supplication as follows: ‚From
today onwards kindly recognize me as one who finds support in the Buddha, in the
Dhamma and in the Sangha.‛
(3) Becoming a pupil of the Three Jewels involves supplication as follows: ‚From today
onwards, kindly recognize me as a residential pupil (
antevÈsika
) of the Buddha, the
Dhamma and the Sangha.‛
(In the MahÈjanaka JÈtaka, the Bodhisatta pointed out lifeless mango tree bearing fruit
and the other mango tree bearing no fruit as his teachers because they instructed him for
his welfare. Therefore, one speak of the Dhamma as one's teacher and speak of oneself as
its pupil.)
(4) Showing great reverence to the Three Jewels involves supplication as follows: ‚From
today onwards kindly recognize me as one who worships, welcomes, raises one's hands
in adoration, venerates only the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha.
One who adopts any of these four modes of seeking refuge is one who fulfils one's
saraÓa-gamana
.
Alternatively,
(1) declaration, uttering: ‚I give up myself to the Buddha, to the Dhamma, and to the
Sangha,‛ or ‚I offer my life to the Three Jewels,‛ or ‚I have offered my body to the
Three Jewels,‛ or ‚I have offered my life to the Three Jewels,‛ or ‚I am aware of my
approach to the Buddha as my refuge till the end of my life, ... to the Dhamma ... and
... to the Sangha ... ,‛ or ‚the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha are my refuge‛, all
these utterances of declaration constitute
attasanniyyÈ
-
saraÓa-gamana
.