Chapter 37
with much pleasure, extolled it delightedly, rose from his seat, paid respect and went away.
Note on SaraÓa-gamana
Herein note on
SaraÓa-gamana
will be mentioned briefly.
There are seven points regarding
SaraÓa-gamana
:
(a)
SaraÓa
(Refuge),
(b)
SaraÓa-gamana
(Refuge taking or Refuge consciousness),
(c)
Person established in
SaraÓa-gamana
,
(d)
Forms of
SaraÓa-gamana
,
(e)
Fruit of
SaraÓa-gamana
,
(f)
Contamination of
SaraÓa-gamana
, and
(g)
Destruction of
SaraÓa-gamana
.
(a) SaraÓa (Refuge).
The Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha are the threefold
SaraÓa
(Refuge) because
those, who seek its protection, overcome their fear, alarm, physical and mental suffering
and various miseries in the lower worlds after death. In other words, the Buddha helps
beings overcome various perils by contributing to their welfare and averting their
misfortunes. So does the Dhamma by making beings free from hardships of life and
consoling them. And so does the Sangha by making them gain a great benefit even from a
few good acts. Hence the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Sangha constitute the real threefold
Refuge that ensures beings freedom from all suffering.
(b) SaraÓa-gamana (Refuge taking or Refuge consciousness)
Great wholesome consciousness (
mahÈkusala-citta
) that makes one inclined for the Three
Jewels by removing defiling unwholesome mental states through devotion and veneration
to the Three Jewels, Great Consciousness of Action (
mahÈkiriya-citta
) regarding the
arahats
, and Path Consciousness (
maggacitta
) regarding the Noble Ones established in the
Path,
maggaÔÔha
ariyas
. All these forms of consciousness are called
saraÓa-gamana
.
Conviction that the Three Jewels are the real factors that eliminate feat and suffering by
means of such consciousness is
saraÓa-gamana
. This is a definition.
(c) Person established in SaraÓa-gamana
A person who has the consciousness described above is one who is established in the
threefold Refuge. Thus we should first understand the three aspects (1)
SaraÓa
(2)
SaraÓa-
gamana
and (3)
Person
established in
SaraÓa-gamana
.
(d) Forms of SaraÓa-gamana
It is of two forms: (1) supramundane and (2) mundane.
(1) Supramundane
saraÓa-gamana
is implicit by way of fulfilment of function in a single
thought-moment when the
ariyas
realize the Four Truths and attain the Paths, thereby
overcoming all defilements and focusing their minds on NibbÈna. (By this is meant as
follows: supramundane
saraÓa-gamana
is Path-consciousness. Path-consciousness is
focused on NibbÈna
,
and this means uprooting the defilements that make
saraÓa-gamana
impure. So, although the Path-consciousness arises from the focus not on the Three Jewels
but on NibbÈna, the fulfilment of its function involves the recognition of the Three Jewels
as the real Refuge. In other words, at the moment of Path-consciousness, one is also
possessed of the supramundane
saraÓa-gamana
. For example, it is said that one knows the
Four Truths at the moment of Path-consciousness. Having NibbÈna as its object, the Path-
consciousness is concerned only with the truth about the end of suffering. But it also roots
out ignorance that makes us blind to the Four Truths. Thus although the
ariya
focuses his
mind only on NibbÈna, he becomes aware of the three other Truths that do not directly
concern NibbÈna, viz., the Truths about Suffering, the Cause of suffering and the Way to