Chapter 37
says confidently and without any reservation: ‚Ask me about anything you like. I
will answer all your questions thoroughly.‛ This kind of invitation is made only by
Buddhas and the intellectually mature Bodhisattas.
As for their disciples, they do not say ‚Ask me about anything,‛ but they say with
reservation: ‚I will answer your question if I can, only after I have heard it.‛
On being thus invited by the Buddha in the manner of Omniscient Buddhas, King
AjÈtasattu became much delighted and enthusiastic and he asked the following questions:
‚Glorious Buddha, there are many skilled occupations and craftsmen. They belong
to warriors riding elephants, warriors riding horses, worriers riding chariots,
archers, flag-bearers, military strategists, commandos who slip behind the lines of
the opposing army and cut off the enemies' heads, princes distinguished in fighting,
daredevils who make speedy attacks on the enemy, warriors who are valiant like
bull-elephants, very brave warriors, warriors clad in armour, trustworthy servants,
cooks, barbers, those who bathe other people, butlers, flower stringers, laundry
workers, weavers, maker of reed mat walls, potters, arithmeticians, and those who
count by their fingers; besides these, there are many other similar crafts-men.
These people live long, profiting by their skills. By means of their skills they make
themselves, their parents, their wives and children and their friends comfortable
and vigorous. Moreover, they give alms to monks and
brahmins
so as to reborn in
the deva-world in their afterlife.‛
‚Exalted Buddha, can one point out the benefits of a monastic life like those of
skilled occupations, benefits which one can realize by himself in the present life?‛
Then the Buddha thought: ‚Nowhere at this place are many princes and ministers who are
the followers of heretical teachers, those who are outside the pale of My Teaching. If I
give my sermon in two parts, showing the impurity of their teachers' doctrines (
kaÓha-
pakkha
) in the first part and the purity of My doctrine (
sukka-pakkha
) in the second part,
these people will blame Me, saying that I talk only about the doctrinal conflicts and
controversies of the monks from the time of the arrival of their King who has come here
with great effort to hear the Dhamma. As a result, they will not hear the Dhamma
respectfully. If the King himself talks about the doctrine of the heretics, the people will not
blame Me. They will let Me say what I like. In fact, people naturally follow the king
(
issarÈnuvattako hi loko
). Now I will make it the King's responsibility to describe the
teaching of the heretics.‛ Then the Buddha asked the King if he remembered having put the
question to the other monks and
brahmins
.
The King said that he did and the Buddha asked him how they had answered the question
and urged him to state their answer if he did not mind it. The King said: ‚Sir! I do not mind
doing so in a place where the Exalted One or a man like the Exalted One is sitting.‛
(What is implicit here in the King's reply is this: It is troublesome or hard to tell a
person pretentious to be wise about anything because he is apt to criticize every
sentence and every word. The real wise man, however, extols the speech that he
hears if it is flawless and he corrects the language, sentences and words if there are
flaws in the speech. The Buddha has no peer in the world in respect of real
wisdom. Hence the King's reply as mentioned above.)
Thus urged by the Buddha to recount the answers given by the heretical teachers, the
King told Him how he once approached the six heretical teachers, viz., P|raÓa Kassapa,
Makkhali GosÈla, Ajita Kesakambala, Pakudha KaccÈyana, Nigantha NÈÔaputta and SaÒjaya
Belatthaputta and asked them about the advantages of monkhood in the present life. The six
teachers described only their respective doctrines like a man, who being asked about a
mango tree, describes a jack fruit tree, or vice versa. The answers were at variance with the
question but, although the King was disappointed with the heretical teachers, he considered
it inadvisable for a King like him to rebuke such religious persons as monks and
brahmins
in his country. So he neither accepted nor rejected their sayings. Nor did he show his
displeasure by word of mouth. Instead, he got up and went back without taking note of