Chapter 36
Five Things demanded by Devadatta
His gains having dwindled day by day, Devadatta decided to do some thing dramatic and
spectacular for his living. He went to the Buddha and said:
‚Glorious Buddha, I beg you to lay down the following rules for the monks:
(1) All monks should live in forest hermitage for life. A monk, who lives in a monastery
near a village, should be guilty of an offence.
(2) All monks should always eat only the food that they obtain by going on the round for
alms. A monk, who accepts the food which the lay men have offered after invitation,
should be guilty of an offence.
(3) All monks should always wear only the robe made of rags. A monk, who accepts the
robe offered by lay men, should be guilty of an offence.
(4) All monks should always dwell at the feet of trees. A monk, who goes to a monastery
with a roof, should be guilty of an offence.
(5) All monks should always avoid eating meat and fish. A monk who eats meat or fish,
should be guilty of an offence.‛
Then the Buddha said: ‚Devadatta, your demands are not proper (reasonable).
(1) Let the monk live in a forest hermitage or in the monastery near a village according to
his desire.
(2) Let the monk eat the food that he gets by going round for alms or by accepting the
food offered by lay men after invitation. Let him get the food in either way he likes.
(3) Let the monk wear the robe made of rags or the robe offered by lay men according to
his desire.
(4) Devadatta, I have permitted the monks to dwell at the foot of trees for eight months.
(5) I have permitted the monks to eat meat or fish provided they do not see or hear or
have any suspicion about any creature being killed for their food.‛
(Herein when Devadatta made the five demands, the Buddha knew instantly that his
object was to create a schism in the Sangha. As concessions to these demands would be a
hindrance to spiritual progress, the Buddha considered them unreasonable and said that a
monk might live in forest hermitage if he wanted to, and so on.
In this connection, a good monk should know the wish of the Buddha as well as what is
proper for Him.
(According to the Buddha, there are four kinds of monks, viz. (a) the forest-dwelling
monk who will gain the Path and the Fruition by virtue of his great physical and
intellectual strength, (b) the monk who cannot live in the forest because of his physical
weakness and who can make spiritual progress only if he practises the Dhamma in the
village monastery, (c) the monk who will make spiritual progress either in the forest
hermitage or in the village monastery by virtue of his physical strength and forbearance,
and (d) the (
padaparama
) monk who will make no spiritual progress in spite of his effort
either in the forest or the village monastery,
(a) The Buddha wants only the monk of the first kind to live in a forest hermitage. The
hermitage is a proper abode for him and following his example, his disciples will
want to live in the forests.
(b) The Buddha wants the second type to live in a village monastery.
(c) According to the Buddha, the monk of the third type should live only in a forest
hermitage. The forest hermitage is good for him and following his example, his
disciples will want to live there.
(d) As for the (
padaparama
) monk who will not make much spiritual progress in this
life, the Buddha wants him to live in a forest hermitage. Practice of austerities
(
dhuta~ga
) and meditation in the forest hermitage will contribute to his attainment of
the Path and Fruition in the next life and he will be a living example for his disciples.