THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
838
(1) I know the earth element (and you know it too), I know NibbÈna which is inaccessible
to the earth element (but you do not). (2) I know the water element (and you know it too), I
know NibbÈna which is inaccessible to the water element (but you do not); (In this way the
Buddha went on with regard to:) (3) the fire element; (4) the wind element; (5) the sentient
beings; (6) devas; (7)
mÈras
; (8) BrahmÈs; (9) Œbhassara
BrahmÈs; (10) SubhakiÓha
BrahmÈs; (11) Vehapphala
BrahmÈs; (12) Abhibh|
BrahmÈs
(
AssaÒÒasatta
BrahmÈs
)
; (13) I
know all (
sakkÈya-sabba
) (and you know it too); I know NibbÈna which is inaccessible to
all (but you do not).
(With regard to the first 12 points, Baka saw no reason to blame the Buddha. As regards
the last point, however, he saw something to accuse the Buddha of.
When the Buddha said: ‚I know all (
sakkÈya-sabba
) and I know NibbÈna which is
inaccessible to all (
sakkÈya-sabba
),‛ He said so as a puzzle. What He meant to say by this
was: ‚Baka BrahmÈ, I know all (
sakkÈya
= mundane things) by My extra-ordinary intellect
that they are, by nature,
anicca
,
dukkha
and
anatta
. Having known this, I also know
NibbÈna by My extra-ordinary VipassanÈ Insight, which cannot be attained by all. (
sakkÈya
= mundane things).‛ (In that speech the statement reading ‚I know all by all their nature‛
means ‚I know by VipassanÈ Insight all individuality pertaining to the three planes of
existence, and five aggregates of mundane things in their nature of
anicca
,
dukkha
and
anatta
.‛ Here the Buddha said: ‚(I know) all by all their nature‛ with reference to
sakkÈya-
sabba
. ‚(I know NibbÈna) which is inaccessible to all by all nature‛ means ‚I know
NibbÈna with the Path Knowledge, realizing that it is inaccessible to all individuality and
the five aggregates of mundane things in their nature of being conditioned (
sa~khata
).
(Such conditioned material things as the earth element, the wind element, etc. have the
nature of hardness, cohesiveness, etc. which are also conditioned, such conditioned mental
things as contact, sensation, etc., have the nature of the tangibility, feeling, etc., which are
also conditioned —— all these conditioned things are absent in NibbÈna which is
unconditioned. Only the nature of
santi
or Peace, as opposed to conditioned things is
present in unconditioned NibbÈna. This was in view when it was said that NibbÈna which is
inaccessible to the earth element. NibbÈna which is inaccessible to the water element, ...
NibbÈna which is inaccessible to all individuality.‛)
By this much, virtuous readers of the Chronicle must have understood that what the
Buddha meant was as follows:
‚I know thoroughly all
sakkÈya
or the five aggregates of mundane things (and you know
them too). I also know NibbÈna which cannot be reached by all individuality (but you do
not), and that the word ‘all’ in that speech implies the five aggregates of mundane things
and that NibbÈna is something which cannot be attained by all.
But as a fault-finding ideologue, Baka BrahmÈ took, but wrongly, that by ‘all’ was meant
sabba-sabba
, ‘each and every thing mundane or supramundane and designated,’ (for he
was totally ignorant of the fact that here
sakkÈya-sabba
was referred to in the Buddha's
speech). This led him to his criticism of the Buddha:
‚Venerable Sir, if the Dhamma is inaccessible to all other thing by all nature, your
saying that you know that is inaccessible would come to nothing. Do not let it
come to nothing. Your statement would become empty. Do not let it become
empty.‛
The gist of Baka BrahmÈ's criticism was as follows:
(1) In your speech, Venerable Sir, you claim your knowledge of all, and
(2) your knowledge of the Dhamma that is inaccessible to all.
(1) The word ‘all’ of the first statement covers all things. So there can be nothing which
is inaccessible to all things. And yet the Buddha insists on His knowledge of what is
mentioned in the second statement. His insistence, therefore, will be reduced to
nonsense like ‘the flower of the sky’, ‘the horn of a rabbit’, ‘the hair of a turtle’, and
‘the blood of a crab’.
(2) If what is inaccessible is semantically exclusive of the word ‘all’ of the first