THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
42
(a) Perfection of Alms-Giving
While Sumedha was engaged in investigation of the Buddha-making factors, he
discovered first the Perfection of Alms-giving which former Bodhisattas had always
followed and practised and which was like a highway to the state of Buddhahood.
Then he admonished himself thus: ‚Sumedha, if you are desirous of attaining the
Knowledge of the Path and Fruition, and Omniscience
3
, you should constantly establish
first, the Perfection of Alms-giving and make efforts to become accomplished in fulfilling
this Perfection.‛
He continued to admonish himself thus: ‚When a jar, full with liquid, is overturned, it
pours out all its contents. Likewise, Sumedha, you should give alms to all, be they low,
middling or high, leaving nothing with you.
4
‛
(b) Perfection of Morality
After discovering and reflecting on the Perfection of Alms-giving, he went on to
contemplate thus: ‚The Perfection of Alms-giving alone cannot constitute all the Buddha-
making factors. There must be other factors that also contribute to the maturity of the
Knowledge of the Path and Fruition, and Omniscience. I shall investigate them.‛
When he investigated thus, he discovered Morality as the second Perfection which former
Bodhisattas had always cultivated and fulfilled.
He admonished himself thus: ‚Sumedha, if you are desirous of attaining the Knowledge
of the Path and Fruition, and Omniscience, you should constantly establish the Perfection
of Morality and make efforts to become accomplished in fulfilling this Perfection.‛
He continued to admonish himself: ‚The yak
5
protects its tail even at the risk of its life; if
the tail should happen to be caught in something, it would rather die than damage it while
making an effort to release it. Likewise, Sumedha, you should observe morality in the four
purifying fields, namely, (1)
Patimokkhasamvara
6
(2)
Indriyasamvara
7
, (3)
Ajivaparisuddhi
8
and (4)
Paccayasannissita
9
, which form the basis of meritorious deeds. As
the yak gives up its life in protecting its tail, so also you should safeguard your morality
constantly.‛
(c) Perfection of Renunciation
After discovering and reflecting on the Perfection of Morality, he went on to contemplate
thus: ‚These two Perfections alone cannot constitute the Buddha-making factors. There
must be other factors that also contribute to the maturity of the Knowledge of the Path and
Fruition, and Omniscience. I shall investigate them.‛
When he investigated thus, he discovered Renunciation as the third Perfection which
former Bodhisattas had always cultivated and fulfilled.
dhammdhatuya
). In contrast, when an individual is meant and not a principle, one may say in PÈli,
lokadhatuya
, ‚in the world‛ (What this means is that a principle is concerned with
dhammadhÈtu
whereas an individual is concerned with
lokadhÈtu
.) For instance, there is such a saying as ‚there
cannot be two contemporary Buddhas in the world (
lokadhÈtu
).‛ Here as the saying concerns an
individual,
lokadhÈtu
, the "world" is used instead of
dhammadhÈtu
.
3. That is becoming a Buddha, says the author.
4. Details of the Perfection are given in the Anudipani. So are details of each and every item of the
remaining Perfections.
5. The author also mentions its PÈli name,
camari
.
6.
PaÔimokkha-samvara
: restraint according to the
PaÔimokkha
;
PaÔimokkha
is the name of the
collection of precepts for members of the Sangha.
7.
Indriya-samvara
: restraint of the controlling faculties.
8.
Ajivaparisuddhi
: purity of livelihood.
9.
Paccayasannissita
: wise use of a
bhikkhu's
requisites.