Chapter 34
There was in SÈvatthi a wealthy merchant, Œnanda by name, whose wealth was worth
forty crores, yet who was extremely stingy. The man had his relatives assembled
fortnightly and gave advice to his son, M|asirÊ, amidst his kinsmen at three different times,
saying thus:
‚Dear son, do not think that the forty crores is a great deal of wealth. What is in
one's hand should not be given to another. Try to gain new wealth. He who spends
but one coin after another will certainly exhaust his wealth one day. Therefore, we
advised:
AÒjanÈnam khayam disyam disvÈ upacikÈnaÒ ca ÈcayaÑ
Madh|naÒ ca samÈhÈraÑ paÓÉito gharam Èvase.
Dear son, having observed the disappearance of a collyrium stone due to
repeated rubbing, the arising of an anthill due to repeated gathering [of earth]
by white ants, the development of a beehive due to repeated collection [of
the nectar of flowers] by bees, a wise man should live exerting to keep his
old wealth undiminished and to bring about new wealth.
Later on the merchant Œnanda died without telling his son M|lasirÊ about his five big jars
of gold that he had buried, and being greedily attached to his wealth and dirtying himself
with the taints of miserliness; he was, upon his death, conceived in the womb of a
caÓÉÈla
(outcaste) woman in a village of a thousand householders at the gate of the city of SÈvatthi.
On learning the merchant's death, King Kosala summoned the son, M|lasirÊ, and
appointed him as the successor to his father.
The thousand
caÓÉÈla
households made their living by working collectively as daily
wagers, and from the time of the conception of the miser Œnanda, the former rich man,
they no longer had the wages nor did they have food more than what was enough. The
labourers came to the conclusion, saying: ‚Now we hardly earn a small morsel of rice
despite our hard work. There must be somebody evil and unfortunate among us.‛ So they
divided themselves into two groups, and the dividing process went on and on until there
remained the isolated household of the miser's parents. In that situation, the family of
Œnanda said: ‚The ominous one is in our household‛ and they expelled Œnanda's mother.
The mother had much difficulty in obtaining just enough food as long as she was
carrying the child in her womb, and she gave birth to a son so miserably. The child's hands,
legs, eyes, ears, nose and mouth were all displaced. With his body so deformed, he looked
very ugly, like a little earth-bound demon. Despite all this, the mother did not have the
heart to throw him away. In fact, so great was a mother's love for her child, who had
stayed in her womb, that she brought him up with great hardship. On the days she took him
to her work, she got nothing, and on the days she left him behind, she got her daily wage.
Later, when the son became big enough to roam about and look for food by himself, the
caÓÉÈla
mother thrust a small bowl into the boy's hand and said: ‚Dear son, on account of
you we have suffered much. Now we are no longer able to look after you. In this city of
SÈvatthi, there are readily cooked and reserved meals for destitutes, travellers and so on.
Make your living by going where the food is and begging it.‛ So saying she deserted him.
When the boy roamed about the city, going from one house to another, he arrived at the
place where he had lived as Œnanda, the wealthy merchant. As he was endowed with
JÈtissarÈ-ÒÈÓa
(ability to remember former births), he boldly entered his own residence. He
passed through the first, second and third gates with nobody remembering him or was
aware of him. At the fourth gate, however, M|asirÊ's children saw him and cried aloud out
of fear.
Then M|lasirÊ's servants beat him, saying: ‚You, luckless, ill-fated one!‛ They also took
him out of the gate and put him at the garbage heap. At that moment, the Buddha, on His
alms-round accompanied by the Venerable Œnanda, was at the scene. The Buddha looked at
Venerable Œnanda and at his request narrated the past account and the present events of
Œnanda, the wealthy merchant.