THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
792
When one remains long in any of the four postures of walking, standing, sitting
and lying down, one becomes painful and uneasy. In order to dispel that pain and
uneasiness, one changes one's posture. (The characteristic of suffering is covered
by the posture. In order not to let the characteristic of suffering appear, it is hidden
by means of another posture. That is why the wise say: ‚The posture (
iriyÈpatha
)
covers the characteristic of suffering.‛)
Thus by the three-feet (
pada
) beginning with ‚
caraÑ vÈ yadi vÈ tiÔÔhaÑ
‛ the
characteristic of suffering covered up by change of posture is taught. (Change of
one posture to another is due to body-pain. The cause, which is body-pain, the
characteristic of suffering, is known from the aforesaid effect which is change of
posture.)
In the same way, as there is no posture of standing, etc. while one walks, the
characteristic of impermanence covered by continuity (
santati
) is taught by the
Buddha who says: ‚
esÈ kÈyassa iÒjanÈ
—— all these postures of walking, standing,
sitting, lying down, stepping forward, stepping backward, bending and stretching
are movements of the body.‛
Further explanation: The uninterrupted arising of matter and mind is called
santati
.
Because of this
santati
which is the uninterrupted arising of matter and mind, the
cessation and disappearance of matter and mind, i.e. the characteristic of
impermanence, is not seen. That is why the wise say: ‚ ‘Continuity’ covers the
characteristic of impermanence.‛ By His Teaching ‚
esa kÈyassa iÒjanÈ
‛, the
Buddha means to say ‚all these postures of walking, standing, sitting lying down,
stepping forwards, stepping backwards, bending and stretching are movements of
the body.‛
‚In each posture, an aggregate of mind and matter, in harmony with the posture,
arises uninterruptedly. With the change of each posture, changes or disappears the
aggregate of mind and matter too.‛ Therefore, it is understood that by the fourth
and last foot, the Buddha teaches the characteristic of impermanence covered by
santati
.
As has been said above, in ultimate reality, it is because of the mind that desires to
walk, to stand, to sit or to lie down, the mind-conditioned wind element arises.
Because the wind element pervades all over the body, peculiar forms of matter,
such as the gesture of walking, of standing, of sitting or of lying down, arise. With
reference to these gestures people say: ‘one walks’, ‘one stands’, ‘one sits’, ‘one
lies down’, ‘one steps forward’, ‘one steps backwards’, ‘one bends’ or ‘one
stretches’. In ultimate reality, however, this is the mere arising of peculiar forms of
matter as they are given rise into being by certain combined causes in harmony.
That is to say this is the mere arising of peculiar forms of matter by the gestures of
walking, standing, etc. as motivated by the combination in harmony of the causes
belonging to both the matter and the mind of the body. Those of
attavÈda
(soul
theory) who have no profound knowledge of this say: ‚The soul itself walks,
stands, sits or lies down.‛ On the contrary the Buddha declares that it is not the
soul that does the walking, standing, sitting and lying down. ‚
Esa kÈyassa iÒjanÈ
‛
all these are but movements of the body appearing through their respective
gestures, accomplished by a number of causes which harmoniously come together.
The Four Masses (Ghana)
Herein there are four masses (
ghÈna
), namely, (l)
santati-ghÈna
(mass of
continuity) (2)
sam|ha-ghÈna
(mass of coherence), (3)
kicca-ghÈna
(mass of
functions) and (4)
ÈrammaÓa-ghÈna
(mass of sense objects).
Of these four:
(1) The arising of physical and mental elements by uniting, combining and cohering with
one another so that they appear as a whole without any gap is
santati-ghÈna
.
Herein ‚without any gap‛ means the cessation of the preceding element