Chapter 33
(Exalted Buddha!) How is the twofold wisdom, mundane and supramundane,
gained? How is the twofold wealth, mundane and supra-mundane, attained?
How is fame achieved? How are friends associated? By what, one does not
grieve on passing away from this world to the next?
(By this verse Alavaka) the ogre meant to ask on the problems concerning these five:
(1) The means to get wisdom,
(2) The means to get wealth,
(3) The means to get fame,
(4) The means to get friends, and
(5) The means to get away from sorrow in the next life.
(Being desirous of teaching ΀avaka properly that there were four things contributing to
the acquisition of the twofold wisdom, mundane and supra-mundane, (being desirous of
answering the first question), the Buddha delivered the following verse:
SaddahÈno arahataÑ, dhammaÑ nibbÈnapattiyÈ;
suss|saÑ labhate paÒÒÈÑ, appamatto vicakkhaÓo.
(Friend by the peculiar name of Alavaka!) He who has deep faith in the ten
wholesome acts and the thirty-seven constituents of Enlightenment that
contribute to the attainment of NibbÈna taught by Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas
and
arahats
; who respectfully pays attention to the wise; who is mindful and
earnest; and who reflects thoroughly on the two speeches, one well-spoken
(
subhÈsita
) and the other ill-spoken (
asubhÈsita
), acquires the twofold
wisdom, mundane and supra-mundane.
(By this answer the Buddha meant to say that:
(1)
saddhÈ
, faith,
(2)
suss|sÈ
, attention,
(3)
appamÈda
, mindfulness, and
(4)
vicakkhaÓÈ
, reflection
are the means to have wisdom.
(To make the meaning more explicit: Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas and
arahats
realize
NibbÈna through the ten wholesome acts at the beginning and through the thirty-
seven constituents of Enlightenment later on. Therefore, these ten wholesome acts
and the thirty-seven constituents of Enlightenment are to be designated as the
means to NibbÈna. Only he, who has profound faith (
saddhÈ
), can posses both
mundane and supra-mundane wisdom.
(The possession of wisdom, however, is not possible just by faith. Only when the
faithful individual develops
suss|sÈ
by approaching the wise, serving them, by
listening to their pious words, can he win these two kinds of wisdom. (That is to
say, having faith that leads to NibbÈna, he must go to his preceptor (
upajjahÈya
)
and fulfils his duties towards them. When the preceptor, being pleased with his
fulfilment of duties, teach him, he must listen carefully. His approach to his
preceptors, his service towards him, his listening to his word – all these briefly
make up the term
suss|sÈ
, respectful obedience. Only one who possesses
suss|sÈ
,
can realize mundane wisdom as well as supra-mundane.
(Only when the faithful and respectful listener further develops,
appamÈda
(mindfulness), and
vicakkhaÓÈ
, (reflection) on
subhÈsita
(well-spoken speech), and,
dubbhÈsita
, (ill-spoken speech), can he realize the twofold wisdom. He, who lacks
these four, viz.,
saddhÈ
,
suss|sÈ
,
appamÈda
and
vicakkhaÓÈ,
cannot.
(With regard to the interrelation between these four and the supra-mundane
wisdom, (1) by
saddhÈ
, a man takes up the practice which lead to wisdom; (2) by