THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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(At the time when the Venerable SÈriputta made the request for laying down rules,
transgression had not occurred at all. Had the rules such as the four
PÈrÈjikas
and
others been laid down long before the actual taking place of transgressions, such an
action would not have escaped private abuse and blame and public censure. How
would such an action would not have escaped?
(If rules were to be laid down in advance, all the necessary rules would have been
done so, saying: ‚If a monk commits sexual intercourse...‛ and so on. Laying down
the rules before seeing the transgression, others would abuse and blame privately
and censure publicly as follows:
(‚Why does the Monk Gotama bind us to these rules, taking for granted that the
Order of monks adheres to Him and follows His words? Why did He lay down the
PÈrÈjika
rules? Have not these clansmen become monks after renouncing their
great luxury, vast circles of relatives and princely wealth that they had in their
possession? Are they not content with what is just enough for their food and what
is just enough for their clothing, and do not they abide with extreme respect in the
threefold training and without regard for their bodies and lives? Among such good
men, who would indulge in such earthly practices (
loka
-
Èmisa
) as sexual
intercourse, stealing another's property, taking another's life, earning his living by
falsely telling of his virtues. Even if the four
PÈÔimokkha
rules were not laid down,
has it not been made clear that sexual intercourse, stealing, etc., are not proper, not
practicable, for even while as a novice one keeps the precepts, saying: ‘I take upon
myself the rule of staying away from taking life’ and so on?‛ Such would have
been private abuse and blame and public censure.
(Moreover, probably the Buddha's wisdom would not have been known to beings.
The rules that had been laid down would have been destroyed. They would not
have lasted. To use a worldly simile, an unclever medical doctor sends for a man
who has no ulcer yet (but who would soon suffer from an ulcer) and said: ‚Come,
man, on this part of your body there will appear an ulcer, bringing no benefit but
threatening your life. Get it treated early!‛ ‚Very well, sir. You yourself give
treatment to it?‛ Saying thus the man submits himself to the doctor, who then gives
surgical treatment to that part of the man's body without an ulcer and caused the
skin to become normal by taking out the blood, applying the medicine, dressing,
cleaning, and so on. Thereafter, he asks the man saying: ‚I have cured your ulcer.
Give me the cost of the medicine!‛
(The man who has been medically treated may then privately abuse and blame and
openly censure the unclever surgeon in his presence, saying: ‚What is this foolish
doctor talking about? Which disease of mine has been cured by this foolish doctor?
As a matter of fact, has not the stupid surgeon caused trouble to me? Has he not
made my blood gone?‛ The man may not feel grateful to the doctor.
(In the same way, had the Buddha laid down the rules for His disciples before the
actual wrong-doings happened, he would not have escaped private abuse, etc. His
wisdom might not have been known to beings. The rules that had been laid down
would have been destroyed. They would not have lasted. Hence the Buddha said, in
the negative: ‚Dear SÈriputta, as long as there do not take place wrong-doings in
the Sangha, a Buddha does not lay down rules for the disciples,‛ and so on.
(Herein, ‚the time when wrong-doings have not taken place‛ means the time which
was not ripe yet for laying down rules. ‚The time when wrongdoings have taken
place‛ means the time which is ripe for doing so. Laying down of rules in an
inopportune time might bring about the aforesaid blame and censure. The same
action, taken as required by the occurrence of wrong-doings, may be likened to a
clever medical doctor who gives the ulcer, that has appeared curative treatment by
operating on it, applying medicine, dressing, cleaning and so on and cause the
recovery of the ulcer and the normalcy of the skin. The Buddha may be likened to
him, who is not abused but honoured for his distinguished service in his medical
profession, for He was similarly not abused and blamed privately or otherwise but