Chapter 30
‚Dear son SÈriputta, the thousand monks who had thus been exhorted by
Buddha Vessabh| became
arahats
, free from
Èsavas
. The minds of these
thousand monks, therefore, were entirely cut off from grasping of anything
through craving and wrong view that ‘This am I, this is mine!’ They were
totally emancipated from
Èsava
s that had now come to complete cessation,
(cessation in the sense of not arising again). With regard to the terrible
forest, the terror of the forest was such that those who were not free from
passion generally had gooseflesh upon entering it.
‚Dear son SÈriputta, what has been said is the reason for the short-lived
dispensations of the Buddhas VipassÊ, SikhÊ and Vessabh|.‛
(N.B. With reference to the statement that the three Buddhas ‚did not bother to
give discourses to Their disciples elaborately,‛ They did not do so not because
They were idle. In fact, there is no such thing as indolence or lack of industry on
the part of Buddhas. Explanation: When Buddhas teach, They do so with the same
degree of effort whether They are to teach a single person or two persons, or the
whole universe full of beings. They do not reduce Their energy when seeing that
the audience is small; nor do They increase Their effort when seeing that the
audience is big. Just as the lion, king of animals, goes out in search of food after
seven days (spent in the den), chases and catches his preys with the same speed,
whether they are big or tiny, because he is resolved that his speed should not be
inadequate, even so when Buddhas deliver Their sermons to Their listeners whether
They form a multitude or only an inconsiderable gathering, They do so with equal
industry, for They have a noble purpose not to decrease Their respect for the
Dhamma.
(Unlike our Buddha, who taught in detail as though He were to fill the ocean, these
three Buddhas, in fact, did not elaborate Their Teachings. The reason was that, in
those times, beings had little dust of defilement in their eyes of wisdom.
Explanation: In the lifetimes of these three Buddhas, beings enjoyed longevity, and
the amount of dust that covered their eyes of wisdom was also slight. Beings in
those days were therefore instantly converted on listening just one stanza
connected with the Four Truths. It was therefore not necessary to preach to them
elaborately. Hence the Teachings of these Buddhas in nine divisions were so
meagre.
(In the time of these three Buddhas, since Their monk-disciples were wholly free
from wrongdoings, no Authoritative Disciplinary Rules (
ŒÓÈ-PÈtimokkha
)
associated with the seven portions of offences had to be promulgated.
Only the recitation of the Exhortative
PÈtimokkha
(
OvÈda
-
PÈtimokkha
) was known
to them. Even that
PÈÔimokkha,
they did not recite fortnightly. (The two kinds of
PÈÔimokkha
have been dealt with in detail in the Chapter 25.)
(These long-lived Buddhas had two generations of disciples to follow them: (1) the
immediate disciples and (2) the later disciples who were monks ordained by those
immediate disciples. At the time when the later disciples, under the second
category emerged, since there had been no disciplinary rules from the outset and
since the disciples, who were of diverse names, clans and births, did not feel
obliged to protect and preserve the small amount of discourses but remained
careless as though they shirked their duty, saying: ‚Such and such Thera will do it,
such and such Thera will do it,‛ they did nothing for safeguarding the Teachings
by holding Councils (
Sa~gÈyanÈs
). Hence the rapid disappearance of their
dispensations.
(With regard to the statement: ‚The dispensations of the long-lived Buddhas did
not last long,‛ it originally meant to say that Their dispensations did not last long
for many generations of disciples. The life of Buddha VipassÊ, however, was eighty
thousand years 1ong; the life span of His immediate disciples also was eighty