THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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headed for SÈvatthi to apologize to the Buddha. (What has been narrated is from the
Dhammapada Commentary.)
The Eighteen Means of knowing The Righteous (DhammavÈdi) and The Eighteen Means
of knowing The Unrighteous (AdhammavÈdi)
(The following is from the Vinaya MahÈvagga PÈli:) At that time Venerable SÈriputta, the
General of the Dhamma, hearing of the arrival of the KosambÊ monks, approached the
Buddha, paid obeisance to Him and sat down in a faultless place. He then said to the
Buddha:
‚It is said, Exalted Buddha, that the quarrelsome and contentious KosambÊ monks are
coming to Savatthi. Exalted Buddha, how should we deal with them?‛ The Buddha replied:
‚Dear son SÈriputta, in that case you should abide by the Dhamma.‛ ‚How could we know,
Exalted Buddha, what is the Dhamma and what is not?‛ asked the Venerable SÈriputta. This
led to the Buddha's instruction of the following the eighteen characteristics of
unrighteousness (
adhamma
) and the other eighteen characteristics of righteousness
(
dhamma
).
Eighteen Characteristics of Unrighteousness (Adhamma-vatthu).
‚Dear son SÈriputta, an unrighteous person should be known by the eighteen
characteristics. Here in this dispensation, a monk indicates:‛
(1) what is no Dhamma as Dhamma,
(2) what is Dhamma as no Dhamma,
(3) what is no Vinaya as Vinaya,
(4) what is Vinaya as no Vinaya,
(5) what the Buddha teaches not as the teaching of Buddha,
(6) what the Buddha teaches as no teaching of the Buddha,
(7) what the Buddha practises not as the practice of the Buddha,
(8) what the Buddha practises as no practice of the Buddha,
(9) what the Buddha prescribes not as the rule of the Buddha,
(10) what the Buddha prescribes as no rule of the Buddha,
(11) no offence as offence,
(12) offence as no offence,
(13) minor offence as major,
(14) major offence as minor,
(15) expiable offence as inexpiable,
(16) inexpiable offence as expiable,
(17) gross offence as no gross, and
(18) no gross offence as gross.
‚Dear son SÈriputta, by these eighteen characteristics should an unrighteous person
be known.‛
Eighteen Characteristics of Righteousness (Dhamma-vatthu)
‚My son SÈriputta, a righteous person should be known by the eighteen
characteristics. Here in this dispensation, a monk indicates:‛
(1) what is no Dhamma as no Dhamma,
(2) what is Dhamma as Dhamma,
(3) what is no Vinaya as no Vinaya,