Chapter II
(4) Meeting with a living Buddha,
(5) Being an ascetic who believes in the Law of Kamma (
KammavÈdÊ
) or being a
member of the community of
bhikkhus
during the dispensation of a Buddha,
(6) Being endowed with
jhÈna
attainments,
(7) Intense efforts to develop one's Perfections without regard to one's life, and
(8) Wholesome desire strong enough to aspire after Buddhahood.
Only those who are endowed with these eight factors are able to wear the ‘crown of
prophesy’ accordingly. Let alone becoming a Buddha, it is very difficult to reach the stage
of development like Sumedha the Hermit when he became eligible to receive the prophecy
of Buddhahood.
When, as a future Buddha, it is so difficult to receive the prophecy of Buddhahood, what
can be said of Buddhahood which can be attained only by fulfilling Perfections by the
fourfold mode of development
63a
for at least four
asa~khyeyyas
and a hundred thousand
aeons, after receiving the prophecy? Truly, hard it is to become a Buddha.
Since Buddhahood is so hard to attain, the 'moment' of a Buddha's emergence is also very
hard to encounter. In this connection, the Atthaka NipÈta of the A~guttara NikÈya gives an
enumeration of eight moments or existences in
saÑsÈra
which are to be regarded as
'inopportune moment'
64
or 'unfortunate existences.' On the other hand, the moment of a
Buddha's appearance is to be reckoned as an opportune moment of fortunate existence.
The eight unfortunate existences are:
(1)
Existence in an abode of continuous intense suffering (niraya):
it is an unfortunate
existence because a being in this abode cannot perform any act of merit as he is all the
time suffering from severe and painful tortures.
(2)
Existence in an animal abode:
it is an unfortunate existence because a being of this
abode, living in fear always, cannot perform any act of merit and is in no position even
to perceive what is good or bad.
(3)
Existence in a peta
65
abode:
it is an unfortunate existence because a being in this abode
cannot perform any act of merit as it always feels the sensation of hotness and dryness
and suffers from severe thirst and hunger.
(4)
Existence in an abode of brahmÈs who are devoid of consciousness (asaÒÒasatta-
bh|mi)
66
:
it is an unfortunate existence because a being in this abode cannot perform
any act of merit nor listen to the Dhamma as he is not equipped with the faculty of
hearing.
(5)
Existence in a remote area of the land:
it is an unfortunate existence because such an
area is not accessible to
bhikkhus
,
bhikkhunÊs
and other disciples and devotees of a
Buddha. It is also a place where people are not well informed or up to date. A person
living there cannot perform any act of merit as he had no chance to listen to the
Dhamma though he possesses the faculty of hearing.
(6)
Existence in which one holds a wrong view
67
:
it is an unfortunate existence because a
man holding a wrong view cannot hear and practise the Dhamma though he may be
living in the Middle Country where a Buddha appears and the continuous thunder
68
of
64. Inopportune moment:
akkhana
, literally, 'wrong moment.'
65. Usually translated ‚dead, departed‛ or ‚the departed spirit.‛
66. With regard to this fourth
akkhana
, the author says that only
asaÒÒasatta-bh|mi
is mentioned in
the AÔÔhaka NipÈta of the A~guttara Commentary. In the JinÈla~kÈra Sub-Commentary,
however, immaterial abode (
ar|pa-bh|mi
) is also included in this
akkhana
. The reasons for its
exclusion from the A~guttara NikÈya are given by the author in the next paragraph. But as they
are too technical we have omitted the paragraph in our translation.
67. Wrong view:
niyata-micchÈdiÔÔhi
, literally, a staunchly held wrong view.
68. Thunder:
nada
, literally. 'roar,' such as that of a lion.