Chapter 24
unintelligent people thought that nakedness constitutes holiness and pronounced
him an
arahat
. When accepted as such, he began to style himself as a great sage, a
god, even though he had nothing to show in the matter of spiritual development
and practice. He and the following five sect leaders, in their self-acclaimed
positions, had made speculations and pronounced them as creeds of their own. For
details, reader may refer to 2-SamaÒÒa phala Sutta of SÊlakkhanda Vagga
of
DÊgha
NikÈya.
(2) Makkhali Gosala
His proper name was Makkhali, Gosala was added to his name as he was born at the
village of Gosala (or as he was born in a cow-shed where bullocks were kept during the
rainy season).
A short account of his life:
He was a slave, like Purana. One day as he was going across a muddy spot with an oil-
pot on his shoulder, his master warned him to be careful not to slip and fall: ‚My lad, don't
slip: My lad ... don't slip.‛ But he was so careless that he did slip and fall and so he tried to
run away because of fear of his master.
When his master caught him by a portion of his nether garment, he abandoned his
clothings and escaped through the fingers of his master. (The rest of the story is identical
with that of Purana Kassapa.)
(3) Ajita Kesa-kambala:
He was also the teacher of a sect. His proper name was Ajita. He used to wear a garment,
kaÑbala
, made of human hair (
kesÈ
), and he came to be known as Ajita Kesa-kambala.
(4) Pakudha Kaccayana:
He was also the teacher of a sect. His proper name was Pakudha. He belonged to
Kaccayana clan, so he came to be known as Pakudha Kaccayana. He eschewed cold water.
He used either warm water or vinegar to tidy up after defecating, or to wash away dirt or
dust. He considered himself to have breached the precepts whenever he had crossed a
stream or a river. Such lapses had to be atoned for by piling sand in small heaps and taking
the precepts before he could continue his journey.
(5) Sancaya Belatthaputta:
He was also the teacher of a sect. The Venerables SÈriputta and MahÈ MoggallÈna lived
with him when they started leading the life of a wandering ascetic. His proper name was
Sancaya. He was the son of a man called Belattha, and he came to be known as Sancaya
Belatthaputta.
(6) Nigantha Nathaputta.
He was also the teacher of a sect. He professed: ‚We have no defilements binding us; we
are free from fettering defilements.‛ Hence the term ‘Nigantha.’ (In fact they were far
from being free from defilements). His father was called Natha and he came to be known
as Nigantha Nathaputta.
The sandal bowl was kept hanging from the top of a pole made up of a number of
bamboos, to a height of sixty cubits. A general announcement was made to the effect that
"anyone who has become an
arahat
in this world may receive the bowl by flying through
space with jhÈnic power." Whereupon, the teacher, Purana Kassapa came to the rich man of
RÈjagaha and said: ‚Rich man .. I am an
arahat
and am also one with power and so give
the bowl to me.‛ He made such a bold claim without any rhyme or reason. The rich man of
RÈjagaha tactfully made a meaningful reply: ‚Venerable Sir ... I have already offered the
bowl to any real
arahat
who possesses power. If you be a real
arahat
and if you have such
power, bring down and take away the bowl with your powers.‛ (Since Purana Kasssapa
was not an
arahat
replete with jhÈnic power, he had to return with his hopes dashed to the
ground).
The other teachers also came to claim the bowl in like manner as Purana Kassapa: on the