Chapter 23
manner. This part of the many teachings is most emphasised for my disciples.
Bhikkhus
, corporeality is impermanent, sensation is impermanent, perception is
impermanent, volitional activities are impermanent, six-fold consciousness is
impermanent.
Bhikkhus
corporeality is not self, sensation is not self, perception is
not self, volitional activities are not self, six-fold consciousness is not self (
attÈ
).
All conditioned things are impermanent; all conditioned and unconditioned things
(
dhamma
) are not self (
attÈ
).
O descendent of Aggivessana, Wanderer Saccaka..., this is how I exhort my
disciples; this part of the many teachings is most emphasis for my disciples.‛
Saccaka said: ‚A simile occurs to me.‛ The Buddha then told him: ‚O descendent of
Aggivessana, reveal it (boldly and vividly).‛
‚Just as seeds and trees cannot grow without depending and resting on the earth
that affords support, or just as a manual worker cannot accomplish his task without
depending and resting upon the earth that affords support.... O Honourable
Gotama.... even so, this individual person produces merit or demerit based on
corporeality (that is
attÈ
or self); this individual person produces merit and demerit
based on sensation (that is
attÈ
or self); this individual person produces merit or
demerit based on perception (which is
attÈ
or self); this individual person produces
merit or demerit based on volitional activities (which is
attÈ
or self); this individual
person produces merit or demerit based on six-fold consciousness (which is
attÈ
or
self).‛
Thus Saccaka presented his view on
attÈ
(Soul) theory by way of similes: (He had likened
the five-fold aggregate to the earth; sentient beings are dependent on the five-fold
aggregates like the earth. They produce merit or demerit based on the five-fold aggregate.)
‚The Honourable Gotama has thus discarded the very evident and manifest
attÈ
and
declared it to be
anatta
(non-self).‛ Thus Saccaka presented his Soul theory firmly
supported by seeming similes.
The supporting similes presented by Saccaka are notable, quite valid and firm. With the
exception of the Fully Self-Enlightened Buddhas, there is no one capable of refuting his
criticism and condemning his Soul theory. In fact, there are two types of people: (1) those
who are tractable by Fully Self-Enlightened Buddhas only and (2) those who are tractable
by SÈvakas. Those in category (2) can be corrected by the Buddhas and the disciples, but
those in category (1) can be guided by the Buddhas alone. Wanderer Saccaka belonged to
the first category and could be instructed only by the Buddha. The Buddha had, therefore,
decided to personally rectify and refute his view:
‚The descendent of Aggivessana, Saccaka.... Do you say that corporeality is myself
(
attÈ
), that sensation is myself (
attÈ
) that perception is my body (
attÈ
), that
volitional activities are myself (
attÈ
), that six-fold consciousness is myself (
attÈ
)?‛
Saccaka came to realize then that ‚Samana Gotama has put me in difficulty, making me to
declare, confirm and admit my soul theory (
attÈ
vÈda
) in the presence of an audience.
Should anything untoward happens, I will alone be condemned for my soul theory,‛ and
thinking of citing the people of Vesali as co-adherents of
attÈ
, he replied:
‚O Honourable Gotama —— Indeed, I do say: ‘Corporeality is my
attÈ
, sensation is
my
attÈ
, perception is my
attÈ
, volitional activities are my
attÈ
, six-fold
consciousness is my
attÈ
and the general mass of citizens of Vesali also say this.‛
The Buddha, being a hundred thousand times superior to Saccaka in matters of beliefs,
would not let him make other people to share the same fate with him. Instead, He would
make His conquest over Saccaka alone, and said to him:
‚Saccaka what has the great mass of people to do with this? I urge you, Saccaka, to
explain your own view.‛
(What the Buddha meant to say was this: ‚Not all of these people are out to refute My
view. You are the only one who have come to refute My view. They are here because you