THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
572
Chapter 23
THE BUDDHA’S FIFTH VASSA AT VESALI
aving accomplished an incumbent duty of a Buddha by teaching MahÈsamaya Sutta
,
SammÈparibbÈjaniya Sutta, etc., to the five hundred
arahats
of Sakyan descent and
establishing seven hundred thousand crores of devas and BrahmÈs in
arahatta-phala
, and
countless number of them in the three lower Paths, as stated above, the Buddha took up
residence at Kutagara monastery, which had terraced roofing and crowning pinnacle, in the
country of Vesali to observe the fifth
vassa
.
Two Forests with The Name of MahÈvana
(There were two forests bearing the name of MahÈvana: one near Kapilavatthu and the
other near Vesali. Of these two, the one (where the Buddha taught the MahÈsamaya Sutta)
near Kapilavatthu extended from the edge of Kapilavatthu to the Himalayas on one side
and to the ocean on the other side. The one near the city of Vesali was a great forest with
its marked boundary on all sides.)
King SuddhodÈna attained Arahatship
When the Buddha was observing the fifth
vassa
in the MahÈvana forest near Vesali, King
SuddhodÈna entered NibbÈna after attaining arahatship
1
under the white umbrella in his
golden palace.
Requesting for Permission for Ordination of Women.
Step-mother MahÈ PajÈpati GotamÊ had approached the Buddha since the time of His first
visit to Kapilavatthu with a request for admission of women to the Order by formal
ordination. Since then she had made the requests for three times repeatedly and the Buddha
had rejected her request every time.
The reason for such rejection was because the Buddha had decided to grant admission of
women to the Order not easily but only after pains-taking efforts on the part of women to
gain permission for ordination. Only then would they realize that becoming a
bhikkhunÊ
in
the Dispensation was a thing difficult of attainment and would safeguard their
bhikkhunÊ
status with constant vigilance. He wished them to cherish the hard won admission to the
Order after a great struggle.
Thus, when MahÈ PajÈpati GotamÊ made her first request, which was repeated three times
to the Buddha at the Nigrodha monastery of Kapilavatthu, her request was rejected by Him
for reasons as stated above. At each attempt, she had to abandon her hope and return to the
royal palace.
Now an opportunity had presented itself for her to make another attempt when the
Buddha had taken up residence at Vesali to keep the fifth vassa.
As stated in the previous chapters, the five hundred
bhikkhus
of royal blood, prior to their
attainment to arahatship, had messages sent to them by their former spouses, requesting
them to return and live a household life again. These ladies made their earnest appeal again
by sending messages, as before, to the five hundred
bhikkhus
who had become
arahats
now. But the
arahat-bhikkhus
sent the reply: ‚We are no longer in a position to lead a
worldly life.‛
The five hundred deserted wives considered that ‘it would not be appropriate to seek for
1. An account of King SuddhodÈna's attainment of
arahatship
under the white umbrella in his golden
palace and entering ParinibbÈna has been dealt with in detail in the treatise entitled ‘
TathÈgata
UdÈna Dipani
.’ In view of this, it is only briefly mentioned here as treated in the Anguttara
Commentary.
H