Chapter 22
MahÈvisutarama Monastery of Pakokku. There is a section, at the tail end of the
treatise, on six inclinations dealt with by the Buddha in the six discourses such as
Sammaparibbajaniya
following the
MahÈsamaya Sutta
; their PÈli text and word for
word translation are also provided therein.)
Large Number of Devas and Brahmas achieved Emancipation
At the conclusion of the discourse on
MahÈsamaya Sutta
, one hundred thousand crores of
devas and BrahmÈs attained arahatship, and those who attained
sotÈpanna
ariyaship were
beyond calculation (according to MahÈvagga Commentary).
Venerable Sayadaw U Budh's Note of Clarification
When we look at
MahÈsamaya Sutta
as a whole, we find that the discourse was given
with emphasis placed on the nomenclature of the devas and BrahmÈs, mentioning their
family and clan names; and the question may arise:
In the absence of exposition of Ultimate Truth how should devas and BrahmÈs realise the
Four Noble Truths and achieve emancipation (attain the state of
sotÈpannas
, etc.) by
hearing only their family and clan names?
Here is the answer: (1) The Buddha was aware that by hearing the discourse on
MahÈsamaya Sutta
, the mind of devas and BrahmÈs had become imperturbable, malleable,
free of hindrances, exulted and pellucid, and therefore at that moment expounded the Four
Noble Truths which He himself had discovered. Having thus heard the discourse on the
Four Noble Truths, devas and BrahmÈs became
ariyas
. (2) In other words, by hearing the
MahÈsamaya Sutta
, there arose in the mind continuum of the devas and BrahmÈs,
continuous mental states one after another, the preceding one serving as the cause for the
arising of the following, which developed joyful satisfaction (
pÊti
), tranquillity (
passadhi
),
happiness (
sukha
), concentration (
samÈdhi
), knowledge according to reality or absolute
knowledge,
yatthÈbhuta-ÒÈÓa
; getting thoroughly tired of worldly life,
nibbida-ÒÈÓa
; fading
away of lust or passion,
virÈga-ÒÈÓa
; knowledge of release,
vimuccana-ÒÈÓa
or Knowledge
of the Path,
Magga-ÒÈÓa
; Knowledge of emancipation,
vimutti-ÒÈÓa
or Knowledge of
Fruition,
Phala-ÒÈÓa
; insight arising from Knowledge of the emancipation,
vimutti
nÈnadassana
or
Paccavekkhana-ÒÈÓa
. It was only because of development of series of
these mental states that devas and BrahmÈs became
ariyas
.
In providing these clarifications, the Venerable Sayadaw U Budh quoted the authority of
pertinent Commentaries.
MahÈsamaya Sutta was held in High Esteem by Devas and Brahmas
MahÈsamaya
Sutta
has been held in high esteem by celestial beings. Therefore a wise
person who wishes welfare and prosperity in both mundane and supra-mundane matters
should recite this
sutta
on auspicious occasions such as construction and occupation of
houses, monasteries and villages.
(When we think of why
MahÈsamaya
Sutta
was held in high esteem by devas and
BrahmÈs, we find that) The Buddha was naturally the chief personality at the Great
Assembly which comprised of a variety of beings from the lowly earth deities to the most
powerful
Harita Brahmas
.
MahÈsamaya
Sutta
was, in fact, the opening address by the
Buddha in His capacity as the Chairman of the Great Assembly.
The Great Assembly was attended by three categories of celestial beings: those of the
highest rank and power, those of the middle status and those from the lowest strata. To an
audience of different social status, it would be a tactful measure for the Chairman to evince
interest in the members of the lowest rank by announcing first their presence to the
congregation, followed by mentioning those of the medium status and finally the most
powerful devas. Any attempt to introduce the devas of highest rank and power at the outset
by announcing their family and clan names might cause displeasure and dissatisfaction
among those of the lower rank.
As it happened, the Buddha had made it a point to mention the members of the lowest