Chapter II
established in him the wholesome aspiration for full Omniscience and the unrivalled ability
to fulfil Perfections, to sacrifice life and limb in charity and to develop virtues which form
the requisites for attainment of Omniscience.
And also, because of the aforesaid great wholesome consciousness, he reflects on the
Perfections to be accomplished and determines the order for doing so. He does it by means
of the knowledge of investigation of Perfections, (
PÈramÊ-pavicaya-ÒÈÓa
), etc., which
enables him to penetrate things without a teacher's help. This knowledge is a precursor to
attainment of Omniscience; it is followed by the actual fulfilment of Perfections one after
another.
As mentioned in the NidÈna-kathÈ of the Cariya-PiÔaka Commentary,
33
after receiving the
definite prophecy of Buddhahood, the future Buddha ceaselessly and uniquely strives to
fulfil Perfections (
pÈramÊ
), Sacrifices (
cÈga
) and virtues through Practice (
cariya
)
34
which
are requisites for achieving the Path-Knowledge of Arahantship (
arahatta-magga-ÒÈÓa
)
and Omniscience (
sabbaÒÒuta-ÒÈÓa
) by four means of development, namely, (i)
sabbasambhÈra-bhÈvanÈ
, (ii)
nirantara-bhÈvanÈ
, (iii)
cirakÈla-bhÈvanÈ
, and (iv)
sakkacca-
bhÈvanÈ
.
Of these four, (i)
sabbasambhÈra-bhÈvanÈ
is complete development of the entire range of
Perfections; (ii)
nirantara-bhÈvanÈ
is development of Perfections throughout the minimum
period of four
asa~khyeyyas
and a hundred thousand aeons, or the medial period of eight
asa~khyeyyas
and a hundred thousand aeons, or the maximum period of sixteen
asa~khyeyyas
and a hundred thousand aeons, without a break of even a single existence;
(iii)
cirakÈla-bhÈvanÈ
is development of Perfections for a long duration which is not an
aeon less than the minimum period of four
asa~khyeyyas
and a hundred thousand aeons;
and (iv)
sakkacca-bhÈvanÈ
is development of Perfections with seriousness and
thoroughness.
35
Moral Qualities of A Future Buddha
The future Buddha, who has received the definite prophecy, is strongly moved by great
compassion for beings when he sees these helpless ones who have no refuge in this
difficult journey of life, who are beset with a variety of intolerably acute sufferings such as
those springing from birth, old age, sickness and death; of killings, imprisonment, of being
maimed and disabled; of hardships associated with earning a living and the sufferings of
being in woeful states. Being so moved by this great compassion, he forbears his own
suffering from such outrageous oppressive atrocities as cutting off of the hand, the leg, the
ear, etc., perpetrated against him by those totally blind and ignorant people, and his
compassion for them is long and enduring.
He suffuses them with compassion in this manner: ‚How shall I treat these people who
have wronged me? I am of truth, the person who is striving for Perfections with a view to
liberating them from the woes of the cycle of births. Powerful indeed is delusion! Forceful
indeed is craving! Sad it is that, being overwhelmed by craving and delusion, they have
committed such great offences even against me, who is endeavouring to liberate them thus.
33.
‚Catasso hi bodhisambhÈresu bhÈvanÈ, sabbasambhÈra-bhÈvanÈ, nirantara-bhÈvnÈ, cirakÈla-
bhÈvanÈ, sakkacca-bhÈvanÈ cÈ ti.‛
34. Perfections, sacrifices and conduct: PÈrami-
cÈga
-
cariya
: PÈramÊs are ten in number.
CÈga
here
refers to
MahÈpariccÈga
, great offerings or abandonings of extraordinary nature, which are five
kinds of relinquishing of wealth, of children, of wife, of limbs and of life. For details of
pÈramÊ
and
cÈga
, see the AnudÊpanÊ.
Cariya
literally means 'conduct, behaviour, or practice' cultivated
for the welfare of both oneself and others.
Cariya
is of three categories namely, (1)
lokattha
-
cariya
, practice for the benefit of all beings. (2)
ÒÈtattha
-
cariya
, practice for the benefit of one's
own kith and kin, and (3)
Buddhattha
-
cariya
, practice and efforts to achieve Enlightenment.
35. With seriousness and thoroughness;
sakkacca
: usually taken to be respect or reverence, is
rendered here as seriouness and thoroughness. Ref: the AnudÊpanÊ for full interpretation of
sakkacca
under
sakkacca-dÈna
in types of
dÈna
in group of twos.