THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
538
Paritta
means ‚the Buddha's word,‛ otherwise known as Sutta, which serves as a
protective measure, dispelling all forms of danger from all quarters: Pacifying and making
those dangers presently arising, to cease and disappear and preventing the impending
dangers from arising at all.
Ma~gala Sutta, Ratana Sutta
, etc. are discourses taught by the Buddha, and they are
powerful enough to protect both the reciter and the listener from impending danger, and
also to repel or disperse the danger presently operating. They have special attributes of
bringing wellbeing and prosperity; hence they have the special name of
Paritta
.
In order to bring about such beneficial effects, it is necessary that the reciter should have
the four accomplishments and the listener should also possess the four accomplishments as
set out below:
(a) Four accomplishments of a reciter
5
.
(1) The reciter must be capable of reciting passages, phrases, syllables of the PÈli text
with correct mode of articulation, enunciation, and accent.
(2) He must have full and exact understanding of the PÈli text he is reciting.
(3) The reciter should chant
paritta
without expectation of gifts or presents.
(4)
Paritta
should be recited with a pure heart full of loving-kindness and compassion.
Paritta
should be recited only with the fulfilment of these conditions so as to be really
effective in warding off and dispelling the impending dangers to the listener. Unless these
conditions are fulfilled by the reciter, no beneficial results will accrue and no advantages
gained as intended by reciting a
paritta
.
The above modes of reciting and listening
paritta
are prescribed on the lines laid down in
the Digha NikÈya Commentary. Systematic study and scrutiny of words and phrases should
be made, proper attention being paid to the understanding of PÈli terms employed. Unless
proper attention is paid to study correct enunciation and meaning of the PÈli Text, the
chances of securing the desired result are remote. Only recitation by those who have
carefully studied the modes of reciting will bear powerful effects. Recitation of
parittas
by
those with intention to receive gifts or offerings will not produce any real result. Recitation
of
paritta
by those with hearts full of loving-kindness and compassion and with an
inclination towards freedom from cycle of suffering will be advantageous.
[NB. Therefore, one who administers
paritta
must first and foremost study the PÈli
Text, together with relevant Commentaries, under a qualified teacher, special
attention being paid to mode of enunciation, accent and punctuation. Any omission
or deletion of words, phrases from the PÈli Text may render the recitation
altogether meaningless. Correct mode of recitation with full understanding of its
meaning are the vital forces of the
paritta
which will bring about the desired result.
Mistakes in the way of administration, lack of correct enunciation and
understanding of its true meaning, coupled with a desire to receive something in
return, will undermine the strength of the
paritta
and no desirable result will be
obtained.
It must, therefore, be emphasised that it is necessary to administer
paritta
according to the conditions laid down, with a heart full of loving-kindness, and
compassion and resolute inclination towards release from the
saÑsÈra
and curbing
one's desire to receive offerings.]
(A) Failure and Success of One who administers Paritta
Failure of one who administers
paritta
arises from two causes, namely,
Payoga vippatti
and
AjjhÈsaya vippatti
.
(1)
Payoga vippatti
means inability to express words and phrases of all Text with accuracy
and exactness and full understanding of their meanings, through lack of effort and
5. The author gives two versions: 3 accomplishments and 4 accomplishments. As, the second version
includes the first version also, we translate only the second version of 4 accomplishments.