Chapter 22
‘
YamkiÒci vittam
’ those ogres, ghosts, ghouls, goblins, demons who had not yet fled the
city but had remained taking shelter under garbage dumps or clinging to the walls, etc.,
made off in great haste through the four city gates. As the gates got jammed with fleeing
evil spirits, some of them were forced to break through the walls of the city. With the
fleeing of brute beings from the city, those who had suffered from their evil influences,
regained their health and all pestilences disappeared. These citizens came out from their
houses, with bunches of flowers and scents, and paid homage to the Venerable Œnanda.
The Buddha expounded The Ratana Sutta at The Legislative Assembly Hall of The City
The King and the citizens decorated the Legislative Assembly Hall in the heart of the city
with garlands of flowers and scents, setting up a canopied ceiling with studded ornament.
Then they installed the throne for the Buddha in a proper place and conducted Him to the
Hall. The Buddha took His seat on the throne while the
bhikkhus
, kings and princes, and
citizens sat at appropriate places. Then Sakka, accompanied by the devas of the two
celestial realms of CatumahÈrajika and TÈvatiÑsa as well as BrahmÈs and other devas, also
arrived to pay homage to the Buddha.
The Venerable Œnanda, having taken preventive measures by reciting the
Paritta
all over
Vesali, arrived at the City Hall with the crowd of citizens and they all took seats at suitable
places.
At this huge gathering of devas, humans and BrahmÈs, the Buddha gave the same
discourse of
Ratana Sutta
4
, (which He had taught Œnanda).
(N.B. The Ratana Sutta text which the Buddhist public see, read and study
nowadays is made up of three sections:
(a) The portion beginning with ‘
PanidhÈnato patthÈya
...’ up to ‘
Parittam taÑ bhanÈmahe
’
is the preface in prose and verse composed by scholars of the ancient past.
(b) Fifteen stanzas, beginning from ‘
Yanidha bh|tÈni samagatÈni
....’ to ‘
KhinaÑ purÈnaÑ
nava natthi sambhavaÑ
...’ are the original PÈli text expounded by the Buddha.
(c) The last three, ‘
Yanidha bhutani samÈgatÈni
....’ etc. were uttered by the Sakka at the
congregation.)
At the conclusion of discourse on the Ratana Sutta on the first day, the Licchavi royal
families together with all the citizens of Vesali were freed from suffering and gained
happiness; all kinds of dangers and pestilence were removed and peace was restored.
Eighty-four thousand sentient beings were emancipated through realizing the Four Noble
Truths.
It dawned upon Sakka then: ‚The Buddha had brought happiness and prosperity to the
people of Vesali by speaking words of Truth about the attributes of the Three Jewels, I
should also utter words of Truth concerning the virtues of the Three Jewels for the welfare
of the citizens of Vesali.‛ He therefore rose to recite the three stanzas, ‘
YÈnidha bh|tÈni
samagatÈni
...’ etc., which appear at the end of the Sutta.
The Buddha continued to expound The Ratana Sutta for Seven Days
After reciting the three stanzas, Sakka paid homage to the Buddha by circumambulating
Him three times and left for the world of devas accompanied by his celestial followers. But
the Buddha went on expounding the Sutta on the second day when eighty-four thousand
sentient beings were again emancipated through realizing the Four Noble Truths. In this
way, the Buddha continued to expound the same sutta for seven days in succession,
emancipating eighty-four thousand sentient beings on each day.
(NB A total of (84000 x 7=588000) five lakhs eighty-eight thousand beings were
emancipated through realization of the Four Noble Truths.)
The Fundamental Principle of Administering Paritta Recitation
4. This Ratana Sutta text with full exposition is dealt with in the chapter on the Jewel of
Dhamma
.