Chapter 20
brief account of it is given below).
When an intention arises to perform a physical, verbal or mental act, before doing any of
them, one should deliberate first: ‚Would my intended physical, verbal or mental action
prove to be harmful to myself, to another person or to both? Would they become
demeritorious deeds which would cause increased suffering?‛ If, after deliberation, the
intended actions would prove harmful to oneself, to another or both; or would become
demeritorious deeds which would cause increased suffering, one should strive to avoid
performing such physical, verbal and mental deeds. On the other hand, if, after
deliberation, these intended actions prove not to be harmful to oneself, to another or to
both; or would become meritorious deeds which would promote happiness (
sukha
), then
such physical verbal and mental deeds should be performed.
Likewise, while in the process of performing a physical, verbal or mental deed, one
should deliberate thus: ‚Is what I am doing, saying, thinking harmful to myself, to another
or to both? Are they demeritorious deeds causing increasing suffering?‛ If, after
deliberation, they are found to be so, one should, with moral aversion, cease performing
any of such acts (without proceeding any further). On the other hand, if, after deliberation,
they are found to be not harmful to oneself, to another or to both, but are meritorious deeds
furthering the cause of happiness, well being, they should be pursued with vigour, again
and again.
When any physical, verbal or mental act has been performed, one should deliberate (as in
the foregoing manner) thus: ‚Have my physical, verbal or mental action been harmful to
myself, to another or to both? Have they been demeritorious deeds that have caused
increased suffering?‛ If they proved to be so, with regard to demeritorious physical and
verbal deeds, admission must be made before the Buddha or a wise and knowledgeable
fellow disciple, frankly, clearly and without reservation that such wrong physical and
verbal acts had been committed. Then one must discipline oneself that such wrong deeds
will not recur in future.
With regard to demeritorious mental activities that have been committed, one should be
weary of such mental acts, one must be ashamed of them and loathe them. One must also
exercise restraint and discipline oneself that such misdeeds will not recur in future.
If, after such retrospection and deliberation, one finds that one's physical, verbal or
mental deeds have not harmed oneself or another or both but have contributed to promote
happiness and well being, then night and day, one may dwell in the joy and satisfaction
associated with such meritorious deeds and one must further strive in the observance of the
three training precepts (
sikkhÈ
).
All the Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas and Ariya SÈvakas of the past, the future and the
present had lived, will live and are living in this manner, deliberating and retrospecting on
their physical, verbal and mental deeds and had purified, will purify and are purifying all
their physical, verbal and mental actions.
The Buddha concluded the discourse with these words of exhortation, ‚Dear son RÈhula,
you should bear in mind always to strive for the purity of your bodily action, verbal action,
and mental action by way of deliberation and reviewing them and to develop the
observance of the three training precepts.
(Herein a question may arise as to when and where such physical, verbal and
mental actions may occur and how they should be purified and absolved.)
This is the answer: No time should be lost. The physical and verbal actions, which
are done in the morning, should be purified and absolved immediately after meal,
as one sat down at the very place where one would spend the day.
To elaborate: A
bhikkhu
is required to review as to what offensive physical and
verbal act he has done against anyone from dawn to the time of his arrival at the
place where he is sitting to spend the day. If he recollects that he has done anything
wrong against someone, either by physical or verbal action, he should make a
confession to fellow
bhikkhus
, by way of informing them or making them clear