Chapter 16
through attainment of
arahatta-phala
. This is the expressed exhortation,
instruction laid down by all the Buddhas.)
3.
AnupavÈdo amupaghÈto
pÈtimokkhe ca sa~varo
mattaÒÒutÈ ca bhattasami~
pantaÒca sayanÈsanaÑ
adhicitte ca Èyogo
etam BuddhÈna sÈsanaÑ.
‚Not to accuse others or cause others to accuse (meaning vocal restraint); not
to ill-treat others or cause others to kill or ill treat others (bodily restraint), to
observe the chief moral precepts and guard them from being stained or
blemished (meaning observance of
PÈÔimokkha-sa~vara-sÊla
and
Indriya-
sa~vara-sÊla
.)
5
Knowing the right measure in the matter of food (referring to
ŒjÊva-
pÈrisuddhi-sÊla
and
Paccaya-sannissita-sÊla
), dwelling in places of seclusion
(
sappÈya senÈsana
), constant application to develop the eight attainments
(
samÈpatti
) which serve as the basis of Insight
ÒÈÓa
(
VipassanÈ-ÒÈÓa
)‛ ——
this set of six precepts (
dhamma
) constitute the exhortation, instruction and
advices of all the Buddhas (given by every Buddha).
(This stanza gives an abridged exposition of the three trainings, namely,
adhi
sÊla
,
adhi
citta
and
adhi paÒÒÈ
)
In this manner only, Buddha SikhÊ and all other Buddhas taught and recited the
OvÈda
PÈÔimokkha
; there are no differences as special teaching or verse recited by them. As stated
above, the Dhammapada commentary mentions only differences in time factor.
Only these three verses form the
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
stanza which were recited by all the
Buddhas. Buddhas with longer life span recited them all throughout their life time; Buddhas
of shorter life span recited them in the earlier portion of their lives (
PaÔÔhama
Bodhi
), from
the time they started laying down the training rules till they stopped teaching, reciting the
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
. Only their disciples recited the
Vinaya
disciplinary rules, also called the
ŒnÈ
PÈÔimokkha,
once every fortnight. (Buddhas never recited the
ŒnÈ
PÈÔimokkha
).
Therefore, our own Buddha Gotama, the Enlightened One, taught the
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
only in the first twenty years of His Buddhahood, known as the
PaÔÔhama
Bodhi
. (
Cf.
Vinaya Commentary
First book etc
.)
King SuddhodÈna sending His Ministers to invite the Buddha to the Royal City
It was during the waning moon of Phussa, in the 103rd year of the Great Era. (as already
mentioned in Chapter 15), the Buddha was then residing at the VeÄuvana Monastery, in
RÈjagaha, administering the Deathless Elixir of Dhamma to devas, humans, and BrahmÈs
who went to His presence. He had helped some sentient beings to be established as firm
believers of the Three Gems, others were able to gain the Path and Fruition in accordance
with their aspirations and resolve; while some people of good families from Anga and
Magadha countries were granted ordination with attainment of the Path and Fruition. While
this great festival of emancipation was being held daily, King SuddhodÈna heard the news
that his son had attained the most Exalted Buddhahood after undergoing a strenuous course
of practice for six years and that having preached the first Sermon of Dhammacakka, He
was residing in great and noble glory at VeÄuvana Monastery, RÈjagaha, like the moon
amidst the stars in the sky.
Hearing these news, the King sent for a minister and said to him: ‚O Minister! go you
now, with one thousand attendants, to the city of RÈjagaha and address my son, the
5.
SÊla
s: read Anudipani. Chapter VI PÈramÊta (Perfections).