THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
438
was then not taught once in every half month). To explain further: Buddha VipassÊ taught
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
once every six years and He recited it himself. The
bhikkhu
disciples
did not recite the
pÈÔimokkha
within the precincts of their own monastery. All the
bhikkhus
within the entire region of JambudÊpa gathered together to hold the
uposatha
service only
in the precinct of the monastery where Buddha VipassÊ resided. The monastery was situated
in the garden of KhemÈ, a sanctuary for animals near the country of Bandhumati.
During the days of Buddha VipassÊ, there used to be eighty-four thousand monasteries,
and within each monastery there dwelt ten thousand to twenty thousand
bhikkhus
who were
keeping themselves pure by staying away from individuals with whom they have nothing in
common (
visabhÈga puggala
). They also observe more austere practices. Devas, who had
taken up the duty of announcing the
Uposatha
days, went round the monasteries where
bhikkhus
resided (once every year) to address them: ‚Your Reverence, who have a peaceful
life, a year is past, two years, three years, four years, five years have past. This is the sixth
year and the coming full-moon day is the day when you should all approach the Buddha to
pay homage and to hold the
Uposatha
service. It is now time for you all to assemble in the
presence of the Buddha.‛
Bhikkhus
, who possessed of supernormal powers, found their own way to the monastery
in the KhemÈ Sanctuary where the Buddha VipassÊ was residing.
Bhikkhus
who possessed
no supernatural power went to that monastery with the assistance of the devas in this
manner: The powerless
bhikkhus
were then living in monasteries situated near the shores of
the east, west, north and south oceans. Before they proceeded to the assembly, they
performed the bounden duties of setting beds and dwelling places in order, then taking the
necessary bowls and robes, they willed, ‚Let us be off‛ and instantaneously they found
themselves(with the aid of the devas) sitting in the presence of Buddha VipassÊ in the
Observance Hall, and paying respect to him.
When the full assembly of
bhikkhus
had congregated, Buddha VipassÊ, recited the
OvÈda
PÈÔimokkha
as follow:
1.
KhantÊ paramaÑ tapo titikkhÈ
NibbÈnaÑ paramaÑ vadanti BuddhÈ.
Na hi pabbajito par|paghÈti
Na Samano hoti paraÑ viheÔÔhayanto
Forbearing patience (
KhantÊ
:
AdhivÈsana KhantÊ
)
4
is the most excellent moral
practice. Buddhas proclaim: ‚NibbÈna
,
which is freedom from craving, is
supreme.‛ He who injures, kills others is not one who has gone forth. One
who harms others is not a noble
bhikkhu
who has extinguished all
defilements.
2.
SabbapÈpassa akÈranaÑ,
Kusalassa UpasampadÈ.
Sacitta pariyodapanaÑ,
Etam BuddhÈna SÈsanam.
‚Not to do anything evil (to refrain from evil), to cultivate faultless
meritorious deeds pertaining to four realms, to purify ones mind by
discarding the five-fold hindrances which defile it‛ —— these are the
instructions, exhortations, advices given by each and every Buddha. (One
should endeavour to refrain from demeritorious deeds by observing moral
precepts; to perform meritorious deeds pertaining to four realms through
practice of Concentration and Insight meditations of both mundane and
supramundane levels; and bring about complete purification of one's mind
4.
Adhivasana khantÊ
– means exertion or putting forth energy to bear patiently the blames and
accusations made by others, forbearance to withstand cold and heat without the slightest sign of
discomfort.