Chapter 16
same day, the Buddha gave instructions on the obligations of a
bhikkhu
,
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
,
which no Buddha fails to offer.
Three Occasions of The Buddha's Teaching. (DhammÈbhisamaya)
As described in Chapter 9, on the twenty-four Buddhas, the three great occasions in
which Buddhas of the past delivered great sermons, also took place in the time of our
Supremely Enlightened Buddha Gotama. These memorable occasions which deserve to be
recorded are:
(1) As stated before, the Buddha, after His attainment of Enlightenment, taught, for the
first time, the Dhammacakka-pavattana Sutta in the Deer Park where the Venerable
KoÓÉaÒÒa Thera and eighteen crores of BrahmÈs became established in the
sotÈpatti-
phala
.
(This is the first occasion, the first
DhammÈbhisamaya
at which the Four Noble Truths
were first made known to devas, humans and BrahmÈs.)
(2) Then on the great auspicious MahÈ Ma~gala day, the Buddha taught the Ma~gala Sutta
amidst the assemblage of devas and humans from ten thousand worlds; innumerable
devas and humans discerned the Four Noble Truths and attained emancipation.
(This is the second occasion, the second
DhammÈbhisamaya
at which the Four Noble
Truths were made known to the devas, humans and BrahmÈs.)
(3) Again, when the TathÈgata taught C|Äa Rahulovada Sutta (Majjh 3, 324
and Sam-2,
324) to Venerable RÈhula, thousands of devas together with the Venerable RÈhula,
came to understand the Four Noble Truths and attained emancipation.
(This is the third occasion, the third
DhammÈbhisamaya
at which the Four Noble-
Truths were made known to the devas, humans and BrahmÈs.)
The Single Occasion of The Disciples' Meeting (SÈvaka sannipÈta)
As stated above, our Buddha Gotama, the Self-Enlightened One had only one occasion
when the disciples gathered together in an assembly characterised by four features.
It was on this occasion that the Buddha gave instructions for the first time on the
obligation of a
bhikkhu
,
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
.
The Two Forms of PÈÔimokkha
Brief exhortations and code of discipline laid down by the Buddhas is called
PÈÔimokkha
because they keep away those, who observe and follow them, from the danger of falling
into states of woe. The
pÈÔimokkha
is of two forms (a)
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
(b)
Ana
PÈÔimokkha
.
Of those two forms, the
pÈÔimokkha
for exhortation,
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
is taught by Fully
Self-Enlightened Buddhas exclusively.
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
consists of three stanzas
beginning with: ‚
KhantÊ Paraman tapo titikkhÈ
.‛ Every Buddha gave their exhortation only
with these three stanzas; there has been no deviation among them. However, as regards the
occasions and time intervals when they were delivered, there had been differences as
explained below:
Buddha VipassÊ taught
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
once in every seven years; the exhortation held
good for seven years. Buddhas SikhÊ and Vessabh| taught it every six years, Buddhas
Kakusana and Konaguna, every year and Buddha Kassapa every six months, as His
exhortations lasted for six months
3
.
We will describe here also what is mentioned in the introduction to section on
VeraÒja
, in
the first volume of the Vinaya Commentary regarding this
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
.
All the Buddhas of the past taught
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
only. (But the
OvÈda PÈÔimokkha
3. This is as mentioned in the Introduction to
ŒnnandattherapaÒÒÈ vatthu
of Dhammapada
Commentary (Vol. II).