Chapter 16
Majjhima NikÈya
.
) given to the SÈriputta’s own nephew, wanderer Diganakha. While
following the discourse intently, the Venerable SÈriputta practised the meditation on feeling
(
vedanÈ kamatthana
) thereby developing penetrating insight. As a result, he became an
arahat
, achieving the highest stage of the
sÈvaka
pÈramÊ
ÒÈÓa
. He may be likened to one
who enjoys the food laid in readiness for another person. He also penetratingly discerned
the sixteen states of knowledge.
(Herein, a question might arise: Why did the Venerable SÈriputta, possessed of
great wisdom, attained arahantship after the Venerable MahÈ MoggallÈna? The
answer in brief is: The preliminary steps taken by the Venerable SÈriputta, in the
matter of meditation practices, were wider or greater than those of the Venerable
MahÈ MoggallÈna. Here is an example: When ordinary common people
contemplate travelling, they can do so quickly because they have a limited amount
of kit or paraphernalia to carry whereas kings cannot set out quickly because
arrangements have to be made for regiments of elephants, horse-men, charioteers,
infantry, etc., to accompany them on a grand scale. As the saying goes: ‘It takes the
cooking time of a boat load of white beans for a king to appear before his
audience.’
Further explanation: Future Buddhas or
SammÈ-Sambodhisattas
, future Private
Buddhas or
Pacceka-bodhisatta
, and future Disciples of a Buddha or
SÈvaka-
bodhisatta
all have, as their object of Insight meditation, the aggregate of
conditioned formations or mental and physical phenomena. This aggregate which
forms the object of Insight Meditation is known as
Sammasanacara
which means
the practising ground for development of knowledge of impermanence,
unsatisfactoriness and insubstantiality (
anicca
,
dukkha
,
anatta
). It is also called
VipassanÈ-bh|mi
meaning, the aggregate of mental and physical phenomena which
form the basis of developing the Insight (
VipassanÈ-ÒÈÓa
).
Of these Bodhisattas,
(1) Future Bodhisatta contemplate the
anicca
,
dukkha
,
anatta
, characteristics of the
internal aggregate of conditioned existence, that is to say, mental and physical
phenomena occurring continuously in sentient beings, as well as of external inanimate
objects that have no power of sense-perception, that exist within the compass of one
hundred crores of world Universe.
(2)
Pacceka
-
bodhisattas
contemplate the
anicca
,
dukkha
,
anatta
, characteristics of
conditioned mental and physical phenomena occurring in oneself, of those in the
continuum of sentient beings in the Majjhima region as well as of external inanimate
objects that have no power of sense-perception.
(3)
SÈvaka-bodhisattas
(future Chief Disciples, future Great Disciples, future Ordinary
Disciples), contemplate the
anicca
,
dukkha
anatta
characteristics of conditioned mental
and physical phenomena without distinguishing, as occurring in the continuum of
oneself or in those of others, taking them as one whole external phenomena.
The Venerable MahÈ MoggallÈna did not contemplate to the fullest extent the
impermanent, unsatisfactory, insubstantial characteristics of each and every conditioned
phenomenon occurring in the continuum of himself and in those of others; he selected only
some of the conditioned phenomena for his contemplation. The Venerable SÈriputta,
however in contemplating the three characteristics of conditioned phenomena developed
VipassanÈ Insight by being more thorough than the Venerable MoggallÈna, attending
individually to each phenomenon.
The Venerable MahÈ MoggallÈna may be likened to a person who touches the earth only
with the tip of his walking stick as he walks along. He has only touched a (negligible) small
area of ground leaving a greater portion untouched. This implies that in the time he utilized
in contemplating the object of Insight meditation and attaining the arahantship after seven
days, he had meditated on only a portion of the aggregate of the conditioned phenomena.
The Venerable SÈriputta, on the other hand, during the fifteen days before he attained the