THE AUTHORS’S INTRODUCTION
THE AUTHOR'S INTRODUCTION
Namo BuddhÈya Siddam
KÊdiso te MahÈvÊra,
AbhinÊhÈro Naruttama,
Kamhi kÈle tayÈ DhÊra,
PatthitÈ Bodhim uttamÈ?
Buddha, who is endowed with the four kinds of right exertion,
1
who is the
highest among men and higher than devas and BrahmÈs, and who is thus
Chief of these three categories of beings! How should we comprehend your
resolve to gain Buddhahood of great glory, that pervades the whole universe
extending from the bottom realm of intense suffering to the top realm of BrahmÈs.
Since when has your mind become inclined to achieve the prime laurel of Perfect
Self-Enlightenment, which surpasses the Enlightenment of a Private Buddha and
the Enlightenment of a Disciple?‛
This enquiring note of acclamation was sounded in the sky over the city of Kapilavatthu
on the first waning moon of Kason, in the year 104 MahÈ Era. The background story, in
brief, of this question is narrated below.
The Buddha, the Omniscient One and Lord of the Three Worlds, observed the first rain-
retreat (
vassa
) in the Deer Park of Isipatana, VÈrÈÓasÊ, in the year 103 MahÈ Era. During
this retreat, He converted the Five Ascetics and the group of 54 friends headed by Yasa,
son of a wealthy man, leading them to arahantship. When the retreat was over, He asked
them to disseminate the Dhamma, which is excellent in all three aspects - the beginning, the
middle and the end – and no two of them going in the same direction. He himself went
alone towards the forest of UruvelÈ to convert the three ascetic Kassapa brothers and their
followers, numbering one thousand.
On the way to UruvelÈ, on reaching KappÈsika grove, the Buddha met with thirty
Bhadda-vaggiya brothers who were searching for an absconding woman. He established
them in the lower Paths and Fruitions and made them
ehi-bhikkhus
. Then He proceeded
alone to UruvelÈ where He liberated the eldest brother, UruvelÈ Kassapa and his 500
followers from heretical views. He did the same for NadÊ Kassapa and his 300 followers
and GayÈ Kassapa and his 200 followers. Finally, He preached to all the one thousand
ascetics, the ŒdittapariyÈya-sutta on the stone slab at GayÈsÊsa and thereby established them
in the Fruition of Arahantship. And, together with the one thousand newly accomplished
arahants
, the Buddha set out on a journey to the city of RÈjagaha.
The day the Buddha arrived in RÈjagaha, He helped King BimbisÈra and the brahmin
householders, one hundred and ten thousand in all, with His Teaching to reach the state of
sotÈpatti-phala
and another ten thousand brahmin householders established in the Three
Refuges. The following day, the Buddha accepted the VeÄuvana Monastery which was
generously donated by King BimbisÈra in support of His ministry. It was the first
monastery He had ever accepted and the occasion of His acceptance of the monastery was
marked by a great earthquake. From that time onwards, He had taught all those worthy of
1. Right exertion:
SammappadhÈna
. The four such exertions are:
(i) The endeavour to prevent the arising of evil which has not yet arisen;
(ii) The endeavour to put away evil that has arisen;
(iii) The endcavour to bring about the arising of good which has not yet arisen; and
(iv) The endeavour to further develop the good that has arisen.
‚O