Chapter 12
thus: ‚My dear son Yasa, this Dhamma of NibbÈna, which, I, the Buddha, already know is
the Dhamma which is not tormented and oppressed by any kind of
kilesa
. My dear son
Yasa, come! and sit here. I, the Buddha, will teach you, the good Dhamma leading to
NibbÈna
.
‛
Thereupon, Yasa was pleased and delighted that ‚This Dhamma of NibbÈna,
realised by the Buddha, is the Dhamma free of torment and oppression from a variety of
kilesa
.‛ So, taking off his golden footwear from his feet, he approached the Buddha
respectfully made obeisance and took his seat at an appropriate place.
Thereupon, the Buddha taught Yasa, the course of moral practices leading to the Path and
Fruition (
magga-phala
): (1) the Dhamma relating to charity (
dÈna
-
kathÈ
), (2) the Dhamma
relating to morality (
sÊla
-
kathÈ
), (3) the Dhamma relating to happy destination such as
celestial abode (
sagga-kathÈ
) and (4) the Dhamma relating to the good path and line of
conduct for the realization of
magga-phala
and NibbÈna (
magga
-
kathÈ
).
(1) DÈna-kathÈ
DÈna
-
kathÈ
, the Dhamma concerning charity: a good deed of
dÈna
is the cause of
happiness in the present existence, in the next existence and of the bliss of NibbÈna. It is
the primary cause of all kinds of pleasures of devas and humans. It is also the source of
material sense objects (
ÈrammaÓa-vatthus
) and the wellbeing resulting from the use of
these objects. For beings endangered by misfortune, it is also a good guardian, a place of
safety, a resort and refuge. In the present existence, as well as in the next, there is nothing
like
dÈna
to lean on, to stand on, to cling to as a good guardian, a place of safety, a resort,
and refuge.
Truly, this deed of
dÈna
is like the gem-studded Lion Throne, for it is to lean on; like the
great earth, for it is to stand on; like the rope for the blind to hold on as a support, for it is
to cling to. To continue: This meritorious act of
dÈna
is like the ship for crossing over the
misery of suffering (
apÈyabh|mi-duggati
). It is also like an army commander of valour in
the battle-field since it can ward off or give relief from the danger of the enemies such as
lobha
and
macchariya
, etc. It is also like a well-guarded city since it can give protection
from the danger of poverty. It is also like a lotus-flower (
paduma
) since it is not smeared
with the dirt of unwholesomeness (
akusala
) such as jealousy (
issÈ
) and stinginess
(
macchariya
). It is also like fire since it can burn the rubbish of
akusala
such as
issÈ
and
macchariya
. It is also like a poisonous snake since it is of difficult access to the
unwholesome enemies. It is also like a lion king since it can free one from fear. (The donor
has no need to be afraid of any enemy in the present existence, much less so in the next.)
Being of enormous strength, it is like a large elephant. (The donor is blessed with good
friends and associates in the present existence. He is also one who will have great physical
and mental strength in the next existence.) It is like a bull (
usabha
) of pure white colour
since it is considered by learned persons as a sign of auspiciousness auguring extreme and
particular prosperity both here and hereafter, it is also like a king of aerial horses (
valÈhaka
sindhava
) since it can transport one from the evil ground of four misfortunes (
vipattis
) to
the danger-free good ground of four fortunes (
saÑpattis
).
‚This deed of
dÈna
is also the good and true Path which, I, the Buddha, have walked on.
It is also the one, with which, I, the Buddha, have been related to. I have performed great
acts of charity, such as those of Velama, those of MahÈgovinda, those of MahÈsudassana,
and those of Vessantara, when I was practising and fulfilling the Perfections (PÈramÊs). In
my existence as the virtuous hare, a Bodhisatta, I had completely won the hearts of the
donees by giving away in charity my own body in the blazing heap of fire.‛ (Here, Sakka,
the deva king, in the guise of a begging brahmin, had his mind fixed continually on the
courage shown by the wise hare, the Bodhisatta, in his performance of generous act
without any distraction. Hence the Buddha's words, ‚I had completely won the hearts of the
donees‛ is a rhetorical way of indirect saying (
va~kavutti
) that politely implies Sakka's
contemplation of the Bodhisatta's boldness in
dÈna
. Here, by means of the words: ‚By
giving away in charity my own body,‛ the Buddha gave the advice thus: ‚The Bodhisattas,
knowing too well about the merit of
dÈna
, even gave away their lives in charity. In view of
this, should the wise have attachment to an external object,
bÈhira-vatthu
? Certainly they