THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
352
The Buddha surveying The World of Sentient Beings
When Sahampati BrahmÈ thus made the request for teaching the Dhamma; the two
conditions for doing so, namely,
bÈhira-nidÈna
and
ajjihattika-nidÈna
were fulfilled; and so
He surveyed the world of sentient beings with the pair of Buddha's eyes (
Buddha-cakkhus
).
Knowledge of the latent desire or inclination of beings (
ÈsayÈnusaya-ÒÈÓa
) and Knowledge
of the maturity or otherwise of the sense faculties (
indriya-paropariyatta-ÒÈÓa
).
On thus surveying, He saw distinctly different types of beings (comparable to four kinds
of lotuses): There are, in the pond, blue, red or white lotuses. Of these four kinds of
lotuses, there are: (1) the kind of lotuses which come into being in the water, grow and
develop in the water but remain submerged; (2) the kind of lotuses which come into being
in the water, grow up in the water and stand level with the surface of the water; (3) the
kind of lotuses which come into being in the water, grow up in the water and stand aloft,
above the water and without the water wetting and adhering to them. (Of the said three
kinds of lotuses, the no. 3 lotuses which stand aloft above the water would bloom forth that
very day; the no. 2 lotuses which stood level with the surface of the water would bloom
forth the next day; and the no. 1 lotuses which developed but remained submerged would
bloom forth on the third day.) Apart from the said three kinds of lotuses, there is the fourth
kind of lotuses which will neither appear at all above the water nor bloom forth; the lotuses
of this kind are diseased and will eventually become food for fish and tortoises. Like these
four kinds of lotuses, there are beings who have little or no dust of
kilesa
in their eyes of
knowledge; beings who have much dust of
kilesa
in their eyes of knowledge; beings in
whom the five faculties of faith, diligence, mindfulness, concentration and wisdom are
sharp and mature; beings in whom the said five faculties are dull and immature; beings
whose disposition, such as faith, etc., are good or are not good; beings who would easily
understand the Dhamma taught and beings who would not, beings who view all mundane
matters, such as aggregates, all forms of defilements, wrong deeds, volitional activities and
actions that would cause further existences as the dreadful group of dangers just like an
enemy wielding a two-edged sword to prepare for an assault; and beings who have no such
view.
(When the Buddha surveyed the world of beings with His
Buddha-cakkhus
, He saw
four groups of individuals thus: (1) the individuals who understood the Dhamma of
the Four Noble Truths, even if taught in a brief outline (
mÈtikÈ uddesa
), and
became converted, just as the lotuses standing aloft above the water would bloom
forth that very day with the rising of the sun (
ugghÈÔitaÒÒ| puggala
); (2) the
individuals who could not yet be converted by just hearing the Dhamma in a brief
outline but would understand and become converted only when the Four Noble
Truths were taught and explained in detail (
vitthÈra niddesa padabhÈjanÊ
), just as
the lotuses standing level with the surface of the water would bloom forth the next
day (
vipaÒcitaÒÒ|-puggala
); (3) the individuals who could not yet be converted by
listening to the Dhamma both briefly and in detail at one sitting but would
understand the Four Noble Truths and become converted after a day or a month or
a year with the help of their friends and by persistently applying themselves to the
realisation of the Dhamma, just as the lotuses remaining submerged would bloom
forth on the third day (
neyya-puggala
); (4) the individuals who would not realise
magga-phala
however much they listened to and practised the Dhamma in the
present life (
padaparama-puggala
) but had the benefit of acquiring a bent (
vÈsanÈ
)
for the Dhamma in future existences. They would end their lives by becoming the
food for fishes and tortoises of
kilesa
, just as the lotuses, which were diseased,
neither rose from the water nor bloomed forth, would eventually become the food
for fishes and tortoises.
(On thus seeing the four kinds of individuals and reflecting on the Dhamma which
would be of respective benefit to them, the Buddha developed an ardent desire to
teach the Dhamma. Then He proceeded to separate all beings into two categories:
individuals fit for higher truths and liberation (
bhabba-puggalas
) and individuals
not fit for higher truths and liberation (
abhabba-puggalas
). Of these two