THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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developed through the whole period of four
asa~khyeyyas
and ten thousand aeons, he
prevented the arising of anger (
kodha
), and fault (
dosa
), and by pouring the cool water of
mettÈ
over a long period of time, he had extinguished the fire of
kodha
and also done away
with its company of jealousy (
issÈ
), stinginess (
macchariya
) and remorse (
kukkucca
).
By means of
paÒÒÈ-pÈramÊ,
which was well developed and accumulated throughout his
many existences and world-cycles, he had dispelled the element of darkness which is
delusion (
moha
). He had also discarded wrong views; he was therefore a great man of very
pure wisdom. He had also approached all the Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, and noble
Disciples, as well as other learned individuals whom he happened to encounter and asked
them such questions: ‚Which Dhamma is faulty and which Dhamma is faultless? Which
Dhamma is black and dirty and which Dhamma is white and pure?‛ Because of such
enquiries, he had eliminated doubts in matters of Dhamma and had progressed in wisdom,
existence after existence.
In the house of his relatives, he showed respect to those older than himself, such as
mother and father, maternal uncles, etc., by bowing, by adoring, by honouring, by offering
seats, by rising from the place in advance and by extending welcome to them. He also
showed respect to learned persons of virtuous conduct. He had thereby removed conceit
(
mÈna
) and distraction (
uddhacca
) and became free from arrogance, like a snake with
broken fangs, or a bull with broken horns, or a rope coil used as a foot-scraper. He was in
the habit of praising the virtues of forbearance, the virtue of wishing for the welfare of
others, and the virtue of the virtues of being helpful to others with compassion.
By renouncing the world, the Bodhisatta had abandoned the luxuries of his domain and
kingship, and became a recluse. After achieving
jhÈna
attainments in the forest, he
discarded the five hindrances and did away with sensuality (
kÈma-rÈga
), and delight in
womenfolk (
itthirati
) whenever they appeared in each and every existence. With the
Perfection of Truthfulness, he also abstained from false speech (
micchÈ-vaca
) which tends
to mislead the world; with the Perfection of Energy, he also removed displeasure (
arati
)
and indolence (
kosajja
) in Concentration and Insight Meditations which are practices of
extraordinary merit, by keeping his mind continuously active and diligent in performing
meritorious deeds. In the aforesaid manner, he had endeavoured to make his mind
continuum purer and purer one existence after another.
The noble Bodhisatta, who had thus removed the moral defilements (
kilesa
) by means of
the accumulated merit which was accrued from meritorious deeds of Perfection, such as
dÈna
, etc., had to go through, even in a single existence, the process of repeated
purification because the defilements which he had removed would reappear soon. He
would then remove them, only to find them making their appearance again [since they had
not yet been completely eradicated (
samuccheda-pahÈna
) by means of the Path Knowledge
(
magga-ÒÈÓa)
]. The Bodhisatta, however, would not concede defeat and would not give up
but put them away temporarily to a distance (
tada~ga-pahÈna
and
vikkhambhana-pahÈna
)
by means of great deeds of merit (
mahÈ-kusala
) and supernormal deeds of merit
(
mahÈggata-kusala
)
3
.
3. The following notes based on the VipassanÈ
DipanÊ of Ledi Sayadaw is provided here for further
elucidation of this paragraph: Moral defilements arise in common worldlings in three stages:
Vitikkamabh|mi
at which the defilements are very active and violent producing evil deeds and
words. The defilements of this stage can be got rid of or put away by meritorious deeds of the
perfection (
sÊla
) but only temporarily. Therefore, the putting away by
sÊla
, etc., is called
Tada~ga-
pahÈna
which means temporary puffing away. The defilements at the next stage,
PariyuÔthÈnabh|mi
comes into existences as mental properties at the mind door when any object
which has power to wake them up produces perturbances at one of the six doors. The defilements
which appear thus can be subdued only by the cultivation of
jhÈna
through practice of
Concentration. The putting away of defilements by
SamÈdhi
is called
Vikkhambhana-pahana
,
which means putting away to a distance. Here again,
jhÈna
can dispose of the defilements only for
a considerable time so that they do not rise again. But there still remain the defilements of the
third stage,
Anusayabh|mi
, which do not come into existence as mental properties but lie latent