Chapter 3
virtues of a recluse. This account is taken from the BuddhavaÑsa Commentary and
JinÈla~kÈra Sub-commentary.)
(Those Bodhisattas with a much longer life span saw the four great omens, one
after another, with the lapse of a hundred years between each other. In the case of
our Bodhisatta, however, appearing during a far shorter span of life, intervening
period between two subsequent omens was four months. According to the DÊgha
NikÈya reciters, however, the Bodhisatta saw all the four great omens in one day.)
——
BuddhavaÑsa Commentary
——
Thereupon, the Prince said to the charioteer: ‚This man is truly admirable and noble for
having gone forth from the world, bearing in mind that it is good to practise the ten courses
of wholesome actions, which are in accord with righteousness, which are free from
blemish, and which are clean and pure. That man is admirable and noble for having gone
forth from the world bearing in mind that it is good to refrain from ill-treating sentient
beings and to work for the promotion of their welfare. Just because he is admirable and
noble, charioteer, drive the chariot to the place where that recluse is. Saying: ‚Very well,
Your Majesty,‛ the charioteer drove the chariot to where the recluse was. On reaching
there, the Prince asked the recluse, actually a supernormal form created by the devas
(
iddhi-r|pa
): ‚O man, what is that you are doing? Your head is not like the heads of others;
your clothes are also not like those of others.‛ When replied by the recluse: ‚Your Majesty,
I am known as a recluse‛, he asked him further: ‚What do you mean by a recluse?‛ The
recluse, replied: ‚Your Majesty, I am one who has gone forth from the household life,
having shaved the hair and beard and wearing the bark-dyed clothes, and bearing in mind
that it is good to practise the ten courses of wholesome actions, beginning with generosity,
which are also known by four special epithets:
Dhamma
for being righteous,
Sama
for
being in accord with righteousness,
Kusala
for being blemish-free and
PuÒÒa
for being
pure and clean both as cause and effect; and also bearing in mind that it is good to refrain
from ill-treating sentient beings and to work for the promotion of their welfare.‛
Thereupon, the Prince said in acknowledgement and approval: ‚You are indeed admirable
and noble. You have gone forth from the household life, having shaved the hair and beard,
and wearing the bark-dyed clothes, and bearing in mind that it is good to practise the ten
courses of wholesome actions, which have the special epithets of
Dhamma
,
Sama, Kusala
and
PuÒÒa
, and also bearing in mind that it is good to refrain from ill-treating sentient
beings and to work for the promotion of their welfare.‛
The Date of The Prince's Renunciation
Before he renounced the world by going forth from the household life, the Prince made
four visits to the royal gardens. On his visit to the royal garden riding on the chariot drawn
by thoroughbred horses on the full moon of
ŒsÈÄhÈ
(June-July) in the year 96 MahÈ Era, he
saw, on the way, the first omen, that of an old man. On seeing this omen, he discarded the
pride arising from exuberance of youthfulness (
yobbana mona
).
Then, when the Prince proceeded again to the royal garden as before on the full moon of
KattikÈ
(October-November), he saw, on the way, the second omen, that of a sick man. On
seeing this second omen, he discarded the pride arising from the exuberance of sound
health (
Èrogya mÈna
).
On proceeding again to the royal garden, as before, on the full moon of
Phagguna
(February-March), he saw, on the way, the third omen, that of a dead man. On seeing the
third omen, the Prince discarded the pride arising from the exuberance of being alive (
jÊvita
mÈna
).
Then again, on the full moon of
ŒsÈÄhÈ
, in the year 97 MahÈ Era, the Prince went out to
the royal garden, as before. He saw, on the way, the omen of the recluse. The sight of this
omen awakened in him a liking for the life of a recluse; and, making the resolution: ‚I shall
become a recluse this very day,‛ he proceeded on his journey to reach the garden the same
day.
(The Dhammasa~ganÊ of the Abhidhamma PiÔaka gives an exposition on
saÑvega