THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
264
(The royal mother in this context refers to MahÈpajÈpati GotamÊ, the aunt and step-
mother.)
Thereupon, the Prince said: ‚O charioteer, if all human beings, each and every one of
them, including me, cannot overcome the nature of dying, please go no more to the royal
garden and enjoy the pleasures therein. Turn back now, from this place where the dead
man is seen and drive me back to the royal palace.‛ ‚Very well, Your Majesty,‛ replied the
charioteer who, instead of proceeding to the royal garden, turned the chariot around at the
very place where the dead man was seen and drove it back to the golden palace.
The Prince’s SaÑvega
As has been said above, although the charioteer merely explained the worldly nature of
death (
maraÓa
) as far as he understood, that when a man died, the relatives who were left
behind would never see him again nor would the man who passed away see again the
relatives he had left behind, the Prince, like the lion king and befitting one who desires to
become a Buddha, knew distinctly on reflection that birth was the prime cause of the three
phenomena: death, old age, and illness, which he had seen previously. After his return to
the golden palace, he reflected with penetrative
saÑvega
: ‚Oh, birth is detestable indeed!
To whoever birth has become evident, to him old age is bound to become evident, illness is
bound to become evident, death is bound to become evident.‛ Having reflected thus, he
became cheerless and morose; he remained gloomy and dejected.
King Suddhodana increased The Strength of The Guards
King SuddhodÈna sent for the charioteer and questioned him as before. When the
charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty, the royal son came back in a hurry because he has seen
somebody died,‛ King SuddhodÈna thought to himself as before and said in the same
manner and ordered further strengthening of guards to be placed at every
yojana
in the
four directions; he also arranged to appoint more palace attendants and dancing girls.
(4) The Omen of A Recluse
Deceived and distracted by the five pleasures of the senses, increasingly provided and
arranged by his father, King SuddhodÈna, to deter him from renouncing the world and
becoming a recluse, Prince Siddhattha spent his time enjoying the pleasures and luxuries of
the palace and the sense of religious urgency generated by the detestation of the nature of
birth, old age, illness and death became slightly diminished.
When four months had passed after living such a life of luxury, the Prince again rode to
the royal garden in the chariot drawn by the thoroughbred horses as before. On the way, he
saw the omen created by the devas for the fourth time, a man, who had embraced the life
of a recluse, with a clean shaven head and beard shaved, wearing a bark-dyed robe. ‚O
charioteer,‛ said the Prince, ‚This man's head is not like the heads of others; he is with a
clean shaven head and also has his beard shaved. His clothes are also not like those of
others and are bark-dyed. By what name is he known?‛ The charioteer replied: ‚Your
Majesty, he is known as a recluse.‛
The Prince asked the charioteer again: ‚O charioteer, what is meant by a ‘recluse’?
Explain the nature of a recluse to me.‛ The charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty, a recluse is
a person who, bearing in mind that it is good to practise the ten courses of wholesome
actions (
kusala-kamma-pathas
), beginning with generosity (
dÈna
), has gone forth from
worldly life and put on the bark-dyed clothes. He is a man who, bearing in mind that it is
good to practise the ten courses of wholesome actions which are in accord with
righteousness, which are free from blemish, which are clean and pure, has gone forth from
the worldly life and put on the bark-dyed clothes. He is one who, bearing in mind that it is
good to refrain from ill-treating sentient beings, to work for the promotion of their welfare,
has gone forth from the worldly life and put on the bark-dyed clothes."
(Here, although the charioteer had no knowledge of a recluse or his virtues since it
was a time prior to the appearance of a Buddha and His Teaching, he said through
supernatural powers of the devas, that the man was a recluse, and explained the