Chapter 3
all of us, including you as well as I, are subject to illness. There is no one who can
overcome the nature of ailment.‛ The Prince said: ‚O charioteer, if all human beings, each
and every one of them, including me, cannot overcome the nature of ailment, please go no
more to the royal garden and enjoy the pleasures therein. Turn back now, from this place
where the sick man is seen and drive me back to the palace.‛ ‚Very well, Your Majesty,‛
replied the charioteer who, instead of proceeding to the royal garden, turned the chariot
around at the very place where the sick man was seen and drove it back to the golden
palace.
The Prince’s SaÑvega
As has been said above, although the charioteer merely explained the painful, unbearable,
oppressive worldly nature of illness (
vyÈdhi
), as far as he understood, the Prince, like the
lion king and befitting one who desires to become a Buddha, knew distinctly on reflection
that birth was the prime cause of illness, and of the above-mentioned old age. Back at the
golden palace, he reflected with penetrative
saÑvega
: ‚Oh, birth is detestable indeed! To
whoever birth has become evident, to him old age is bound to become evident; illness is
bound to become evident.‛ Having reflected thus, he became cheerless and morose; he
remained gloomy and dejected.
King Suddhodana increased The Strength of The Guards
King SuddhodÈna sent for the charioteer and questioned him as before. When the
charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty, your son came back in a hurry because he has seen a
sick man,‛ King SuddhodÈna thought to himself as before and said in the aforesaid manner,
and ordered further increase of guards to be placed every three
gÈvutas
in the four
directions. He also arranged to appoint more palace attendants and dancing girls.
(3) The Omen of A Dead Man
Deceived and distracted by the five pleasures of the senses, increasingly provided and
arranged by his father, King SuddhodÈna, to deter him from renouncing the world and
becoming a recluse, Prince Siddhattha spent his time enjoying the pleasures and luxuries of
the palace life, and his sense of religious urgency generated by the detestation of the nature
of birth, old age and illness became slightly diminished.
When four month had passed after living such a life of luxury, the Prince again rode to
the royal garden in the chariot drawn by the thoroughbred horses, as before. On the way,
he saw the omen created and shown by the devas for the third time, namely, a crowd of
people and a stretcher (bier) decorated with multi-coloured cloth. Thereupon, he asked the
charioteer: ‚Charioteer, why are all these people gathering around? Why are they preparing
a stretcher decorated with multi-coloured cloth?‛ The Charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty,
the people are gathering around and preparing the stretcher because someone has died.‛
(He had never seen a bier before; he had seen only a stretcher. He asked, therefore:
‚Why are all these people gathering around and preparing a stretcher?‛)
The Prince, who had never seen a dead person before or even heard of ‘the dead’,
commanded the charioteer: ‚O charioteer, if they are assembled and engaged in making a
stretcher, drive me to where the dead man lies.‛ The charioteer said: ‚Very well, Your
Majesty‛, and drove the chariot to where the dead man was lying. When the Prince saw the
dead man, he asked: ‚O charioteer, of what nature is this dead man?‛ The charioteer
replied: ‚Your Majesty, when a man dies, his relative will never see him again nor will he
see his relatives any longer.‛
Thereupon, the Prince asked further: ‚O charioteer, how is that? Am I also subject to
death like that man? Am I also one who cannot overcome the nature of death? Will my
father, mother and relatives not see me again one day? Will I also not see them again one
day?‛ The charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty, all of us, including you as well as I, are
subject to death. There is no one who can overcome death. It is certain that one day your
royal father, mother and relatives will not see you anymore and it is equally certain that
one day you will no longer see them.‛