Chapter 3
Chapter 3
SEEING THE FOUR GREAT OMENS
Visiting The Royal Garden
n this manner, Prince Siddhattha became the reigning King of Kapilavatthu at the age of
sixteen. When he attained the age of twenty-nine, after having enjoyed the comfort and
luxury of Universal Monarch, attended upon by a retinue of forty thousand princesses
headed by the Chief Queen YasodharÈ, one day, he became desirous, of visiting the Royal
Garden. And so, he sent for the charioteer and ordered him: ‚Charioteer, have the chariot
ready! I will visit the royal garden.‛ ‚Very well,‛ replied the charioteer and had the royal
chariot, which was excellent and fit only for noble personages, adorned with ornaments and
to it were harnessed four thoroughbred horses which was pure white like the full moon or
kumuda
lotus flower and as fast as the wind or Garuda, King of birds. When informed by
the charioteer that the chariot was ready, the Prince rode in the chariot which was gorgeous
like a celestial mansion and headed for the royal garden in a grand procession.
(1) The Omen of An Old Man
When the Prince had travelled some distance on his way to the royal garden, the devas
conferred: ‚The time for Prince Siddhattha to become a Buddha is drawing near. Let us
show him omens which will cause him to renounce the world and become a recluse.‛ They
asked a deva to assume the appearance of an aged man, having grey hair, no teeth, stooping
back, and trembling with a walking stick in his hand. This omen of an old man created by
the deva could be seen by no one but the Prince and the charioteer.
On seeing the old man, the Prince asked the charioteer: ‚O charioteer, the hair of that
man is not like that of others; his hair is totally white. His body is also not like that of
others: the teeth are gone; there is little flesh (on his body); with a stooping back, he is
trembling all over. By what name is he known?‛ The charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty, he
is called ‘an old man’.‛
The Prince, who had never even heard before the word ‘old man’, much less seeing one,
again asked the charioteer: ‚O charioteer, never before have I seen any one of such nature;
whose hair is white, who has no teeth, who is emaciated and trembling with a stooping
back. What is meant by an old man?‛ The charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty, one who
cannot live longer is known as an old man (an old man is one who has a short time left to
live for).‛
He then asked: ‚O charioteer, how is that? Am I also subject to old age? Am I also one
who cannot overcome the nature of ageing?‛ When the charioteer replied: ‚Your Majesty,
all of us, including you as well as I, are subject to old age; there is no one who can
overcome the nature of ageing.‛ The Prince said: ‚O charioteer, if all human beings, each
and every one of them, including me, cannot overcome the nature of old age, please go no
more to the royal garden and enjoy the pleasures therein. Turn back now, from this place
where the old man is seen and drive me back to the palace.‛ ‚Very, well, Your Majesty,‛
replied the charioteer who, instead of proceeding to the royal garden, turned the chariot
around at the very place where the old man was seen and drove back to the golden palace.
The Prince’s SaÑvega
It is the nature of lions, when shot by an arrow, not to seek primarily to remove the
arrow which is the effect, but to seek the hostile hunter who has shot the arrow and who is
the prime cause of the flight of the arrow. Of the two phenomena of cause and effect,
Buddhas also do not seek to eliminate the effect, which is like the arrow, but they seek and
find out through intelligence the cause, which is like the enemy hunter who shoots the
arrow. Therefore, the Buddhas are like the lions. The charioteer had merely explained the
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