THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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themselves: ‚We will not be able to cut off the tangles of our families when we get
married. It is therefore better for us to go forth early.‛ Hence their dedication to the
Bodhisatta immediately after their prognostication when they were still young. Taking up
their residence in forest dwellings, they sometimes enquired, asking lay people: ‚Friends,
has the young prince renounced the world?‛ ‚How can you see the prince's renunciation?
He is enjoying royal luxuries in the midst of female dancers in the three palaces, as though
he were a divine being,‛ replied the people. Then the Brahmins, thinking that ‚The wisdom
of the Prince is not mature yet,‛ went on waiting unworriedly for the moment of the
Prince’s renunciation. (This is the version given in the third volume of the SÈrattha DÊpanÊ
Tika.)
The Version of The Commentaries on The BuddhavaÑsa and The JÈtaka
After naming the Prince, Siddhattha, the select eight learned Brahmins went home and
summoned their sons and said: ‚Dear sons, we are now advanced in age. Prince Siddhattha,
son of our King SuddhodÈna, will certainly become an Enlightened One. We do not know
for sure, however, whether we will see the young prince attain Buddhahood. When he does,
take up ascetic life in the dispensation of that Buddha.‛
Out of the eight learned Brahmins, seven lived till old age but expired before the Prince’s
renunciation and were reborn in good or evil existences in accordance with their respective
deeds. KoÓÉaÒÒa alone survived in good health. When the Prince attained manhood and
renounced the world, he went to UruvelÈ forest and mused: ‚Delightful is this region! It is
agreeable to one who is inclined to engage in meditation.‛ And while the Bodhisatta
(Prince) was then devoting himself to
dukkaracariyÈ
asceticism in that forest, KoÓÉaÒÒa,
learning the news that ‚The Prince has become a recluse,‛ went to the sons of the late
seven Brahmins and said: ‚Young men, Prince Siddhattha is said to have become a recluse.
The Prince will certainly attain Buddhahood. If your fathers were still alive, they would
have gone forth and taken up an ascetic life themselves today If you are desirous of
becoming recluses yourselves, do come along. I am going to follow the Prince and become
an ascetic.‛ Of the seven Brahmins' sons, three remained lay men as they did not agree to
go forth.
Only the remaining four agreed and became recluses with KoÓÉaÒÒa as their leader.
These five persons came to be known as
PaÒcavaggÊ
Theras
. (This is the narration given in
the BuddhavaÑsa and JÈtaka Commentaries.)
Measures taken to prevent The Prince from seeing The Four Omens
After King SuddhodÈna had his son prognosticated, he was reported by the Brahmins that
‚the son will renounce and become a recluse.‛ So he asked, ‚On seeing what will my son
go forth?‛ ‚On seeing the four omens of an old man, a sick man, a dead man and a recluse,
your son will renounce the world and become a recluse,‛ answered the Brahmins
unanimously.
On hearing the Brahmins' reply, King SuddhodÈna ordered, saying: ‚If my son will
renounce after coming across these four omens, from now on, do not permit any person
who is aged, ailing or a recluse to visit my son. They would create
saÑvega
in him and
make him bent on renunciation. I do not want my son to become a Buddha. I want to see
him only as a Universal Monarch ruling over the four great islands with two thousand
surrounding smaller ones and travelling in the sky by means of the Wheel-Treasure in the
company of followers, thirty-six
yojanas
in extent.‛ Then guards, in sufficient number,
were placed around the four quarters at every distance of one
gÈvuta
to ensure the absence
of the aged, the sick, the dead and the recluse within the sight of the Prince.
That very day, an auspicious head-washing ceremony was held at which eighty thousand
royal relatives were present and they discussed among themselves thus: ‚Whether the
Prince will become a Buddha or a Universal Monarch, each of us will give a son to wait
upon him. If he becomes a Buddha, he will travel magnificently in the company of recluses
who are of royal blood. Or, if he becomes a Universal Monarch, he will tour majestically
being accompanied by eighty thousand princes.‛ Then each of them promised to present a