THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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to appear.
The period, when the life span of human beings falls below one hundred years, is also not
proper for a Buddha to appear because beings belonging to such a period are abound in the
defilements of sensual pleasures. The Dhamma sermons given to such people will not
endure. In fact, they will fade away instantly just as the scribbling with a stick on the
surface of the water will disappear, leaving no mark whatsoever. Therefore, the short
period of the declining life span below one hundred years is also not the proper time for
the Buddhas to appear.
Only the periods ranging from one hundred thousand years' life span to one hundred
years' life span are right for the appearance of a Buddha. These are the periods in which
birth, old age and death manifest themselves easily, in which the teaching on the three
characteristics and the teaching as to how beings can be liberated from
saÑsÈra
is
understood easily and in which beings are not so overwhelmed by the defilements of
sensual pleasures. Hence, the appropriateness of the period for the most opportune arrival
of a Buddha. Therefore, only the period below the one hundred thousand years' life span
and the period above the one hundred years' life span, by human reckoning, is the most
propitious time for a Bodhisatta to attain Buddhahood. (Incidentally, when the devas and
BrahmÈs made their entreaties to Setaketu, the life span of human beings was in the one-
hundred-year range.) Thus, Bodhisatta, Deva Setaketu, came to see the right time clearly
and decided: ‚This is the most propitious time for me to become a Buddha.‛
(2) Then he investigated the island-continent which serves as the place for the
appearance of Buddhas. There are four large island-continents, each surrounded by five
hundred smaller islands. Of these, one, which is called JambudÊpa as it is distinguished by a
Jambu (rose-apple or Eugenia) tree growing on it, was discerned clearly by the Bodhisatta
as the only island-continent on which previous Buddhas had appeared.
(3) Then he went on investigating thus: ‚This JambudÊpa is extremely vast measuring ten
thousand
yojanas
. Where did former Buddhas appear in this vast expanse of land?‛ Then
he saw
Majjhimadesa
, the Middle Country, in JambudÊpa as the place of appearance of
ancient Buddhas.
(
Majjhimadesa
, the Middle Country, is demarcated on the east by the great
sÈla
tree east of the market-town of Gaja~gala; on the south-east, by the river Sallavati;
on the south, by the market town of Setakannika; on the west, by the brahmin
village of Th|na; on the north, by Usiraddhaja mountain. The Middle Country,
having the said five demarcations, is three hundred
yojanas
in length and two
hundred and fifty
yojanas
in breadth with the circumference of nine hundred
yojanas
. Regions outside this boundary are called border areas (
paccanta
). Only in
Majjhimadesa do Omniscient Buddhas, Paccekabuddhas, Chief Disciples, eighty
Great Disciples, Universal Monarchs and powerful, wealthy Khattiya, BrÈhmaÓa
and Gahapati clans live and prosper.)
In the Middle Country was situated Kapilavatthu, the royal city of the kingdom of the
Sakyas. Bodhisatta, Deva Setaketu, decided that he should be reborn in that royal city.
(4) Investigating the family in which the Bodhisatta, in his last existence, should be
reborn, he clearly perceived: ‚The former Bodhisattas in their respective last existences
belonged neither to the merchant class nor to the poor class. They were born only in a
royal or a brahmin family, whichever is considered superior by the people of the period. At
the time when people show the highest honour to the ruling families, the Bodhisatta is born
in their class. At the time when people do so to the
brahmins
, he is born in one of their
families. The present time witnesses the aristocrats being honoured by the people, I should
be reborn in one of these families. Among them, King SuddhodÈna of Kapilavatthu is a
direct descendent of MahÈsammata, the first elected primeval king, through an
uninterrupted Khattiya lineage of pure Sakya clan. This King SuddhodÈna of pure noble
birth shall be my father.‛
(5) Finally, he investigated as to who should be his mother in his last human existence.
He clearly perceived: ‚The royal mother of a Buddha is a paragon of modesty and chastity;