Chapter 1
Commentary, the deva's name is given as Setaketu. Moreover, successive authors
of Myanmar BuddhavaÑsa, such as the TathÈgata-UdÈna DÊpanÊ, MÈlÈla~kÈra
Vatthu, JinatthapakÈsanÊ, etc., give Setaketu as the name of the deva. Therefore, it
has been explained by various teachers that Santusita was a common name derived
from TusitÈ, the name of the celestial abode, whereas Setaketu was the proper
name that specifically refers to the deva who would become Buddha Gotama.)
The Request By Bodhisatta Deva
On hearing the uproar announcing the advent of a Buddha, all deva kings belonging to the
ten thousand world-system, such as CatumaharÈjÈs, Sakka, SuyÈma, Santusita, Sunimmita,
VasavattÊ, and all MahÈ-BrahmÈs congregated at a certain universe to hold a discussion on
the future Buddha whose divine life span remained only seven days by human reckoning,
and whose approaching end of life had become manifest through five predicting signs
(
pubbanimittas
)
1
. Then they all approached Setaketu Deva with their hands joined in
adoration and requested him as follows:
‚O Bodhisatta Deva, you had completely fulfilled the Ten Perfections, not with the
desire to gain the bliss of Sakka, of MÈra, of BrahmÈ, or of a Universal Monarch.
You had fulfilled these Perfections, aspiring only after Omniscient Buddhahood in
order to acquire for yourself freedom from the three worlds as well as to liberate
the multitudes of devas, humans and BrahmÈs. O Bodhisatta Deva, this is the most
propitious time for you to become an Omniscient Buddha! This is truly the right
moment to become an Omniscient Buddha! Therefore, may you take conception in
the womb of your mother of the human abode. After attaining Supreme
Enlightenment, may you liberate devas, humans and BrahmÈs from
saÑsÈra
by
teaching the Dhamma on Deathlessness (
NibbÈna
).‛
The Bodhisatta made The Five Great Investigations
The Bodhisatta, Deva Setaketu, did not hastily give his consent to the request of the devas
and BrahmÈs who had come together from the ten thousand world-systems. In consonance
with the tradition of previous Bodhisattas, he made the five great investigations as follows:
(1)
appropriate time for the appearance of a Buddha,
(2)
appropriate island-continent for the appearance of a Buddha,
(3)
appropriate country for the appearance of a Buddha,
(4)
the family into which the Bodhisatta (in his last existence) is reborn, and
(5)
the life span of the Bodhisatta's mother-to-be.
(1) Of these five great investigations, the Bodhisatta considered first: "Is the time right
or not for the appearance of a Buddha in the human world?" The time is not proper for the
advent of a Buddha when the life span of human beings is on the increase from one
hundred thousand years. Owing to such longevity, suffering caused by birth, suffering
caused by disease, suffering caused by old age and suffering caused by death are not
manifest. Veiled by their lengthy life span, human beings tend to be oblivious of all
suffering. The Dhamma sermons to be delivered by Buddhas invariably centre around the
characteristics of impermanence (
anicca
), suffering (
dukkha
) and non-self (
anatta
). If
Buddhas, who appear when the life span is more than one hundred thousand years, give
sermons on the nature of
anicca
,
dukkha
and
anatta
, the people of that period will be
perplexed, wondering what the Buddhas are teaching. They will neither listen nor believe
the sermons. Without listening or believing, human beings will surely wonder what the
Buddhas' Teaching is. They will never realize the Four Noble Truths and never achieve
NibbÈna. It will be fruitless to teach the non-believers the discourse on the three
characteristics which would liberate them from
saÑsÈra
. Therefore, the period when the
life span extends more than one hundred thousand years is not the proper time for Buddhas
1.
Pubbanimitta
: See the AnudÊpanÊ in this book for details.