THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
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their request as it is against the Vinaya. Government servants nowadays should not
be ordained.‛
It is not proper to say thus either. In the Commentary on RÈjabhata Vatthu, MahÈ-
Khandhaka of the Vinaya MahÈvagga AtthakathÈ, it is explained: ‚Although, originally, a
royal attendant, he who now has returned his salaries to the king; he who has handed over
his post either to his son or to his brother; and has informed the king that he is no longer in
royal service; he who has fully performed his duties for which he is paid; and he who got
the permission to become a monk, willingly given by his rightful employer, the king; it is
lawful to ordain them.‛ In view of this explanation, if pensioners nowadays want to
become a monk permanently (a monk for life), they should do so after returning their
pensions to the Government or after being given permission willingly from the
Government saying: ‚You may become a monk, if you wish.‛
The rule that ‚Royal attendants should not be made monks‛ has been promulgated only
with reference to those who took the shelter of the
sÈsana
so that they might escape the
king's employ. (This should be known from the
PÈli
text of the Rajabhata Vatthu.)
Government servants today have no intention of escaping service. In fact, they are even
worried lest they should be dismissed by incurring the employer's displeasure as he would
ask: ‚Why should you become a monk?‛ Therefore, those who become temporary
bhikkhus
are not against the rule of the
Vinaya MahÈvagga,
provided they do so after getting
permission from the authorities concerned.
Even if the one ordained had the intention to escape Government service, as is referred to
by the rule, it is those
bhikkhus
conferring ordination upon him that violate the rule and not
the one ordained who enjoys valid monkhood. It is thus clearly maintained in the
Vinaya
Texts.
Another way of thinking is as follows:
Even a great being like our Bodhisatta, who had received the definite prophecy,
happened to be a
bhikkhu
only nine times despite the fact that he had encountered
twenty-four Buddhas. From this, one is likely to say: ‚Rare is an achievement of
monkhood.‛ Be that as it may. But, if one take into consideration the statements in
the BuddhavaÑsa that four hundred thousand
arahats
accompanied Buddha
DÊpa~karÈ when entering into Rammavati City for alms-food, and that there were
one hundred thousand
arahats
on the first occasion of the three meetings, as the
number of
arahats
was so great, one can hold that it may not be hard to become a
monk.
The saying that ‚Rare is an achievement of monkhood‛ means ‚it is seldom that
circumstances are favourable for such an event.‛ Each time the Bodhisatta encountered a
Buddha's Dispensation, he hardly had access to monkhood because circumstances were not
favourable. Those numerous
arahats
in the lifetime of Buddha DÊpa~karÈ were the ones
who had favourable circumstances, not only to become
bhikkhus
but to become
arahats
. In
any endeavours, it is difficult to get a result when circumstances are not favourable. On the
other hand, achievement of a result is easy under favourable circumstance.
It was because they had been endowed with the Perfections, which were fulfilled in their
past existences and with all other factors leading to arahantship that they became not only
monks but also
arahats
.
In the BÈlapandita Sutta, Sunnata Vagga of the UparipaÓÓÈsa (Majjhima NikÈya), there is
a simile of a blind tortoise in connection with the saying: ‚
Manussattabhavo dullabho.
-
Rare is life as a human being.‛ Suppose a man throws a yoke, which has only one hole,
into the sea. That yoke would float adrift to the west if blown by the east wind, to the east
if blown by the west wind, to the south if blown by the north wind and to the north if
blown by the south wind. In the sea is a tortoise with both eyes blind and it comes up to the
surface of the sea every hundredth year. The chance of getting its head into the hole of the
drifting yoke is rare indeed. For a being, who has been suffering in the woeful abode in
one of his existences, it is more than a hundred times difficult to be reborn as a human
being. Other PÈli texts also contain explanations that a human life is difficult to achieve.