Chapter IX
He should teach first. Then He discerned the thirty crores of recluses who, with Him, had
renounced the world, His half-brother, Prince Sarana and His Purohita's son, the youthful
Bhavitatta, who were endowed with the merits of their past deeds that would lead them to
the Path, Fruition and NibbÈna. Thinking: ‚I shall teach them first,‛ He contemplated as to
their whereabouts and saw that they were living in Mekhala Park of the city of Mekhala
which was eighteen leagues away from the MahÈbodhi tree. Accordingly, taking His bowl
and robe, the Buddha, by His psychic power, immediately appeared in Mekhala Park, the
residence of those
bhikkhus
.
On seeing Buddha Sumana approaching them, the thirty crores of
bhikkhus
, with faithful
hearts, welcomed the Buddha, taking His bowl and robe, prepared the seat and did
obeisance respectfully. When all these were done, they took their appropriate seats
surrounding Him.
Then Buddha Sumana sent the gardener to fetch Prince Sarana and the youth, Bhavitatta,
son of the Purohita. To the Prince and the youth with their thirty-seven crores of followers,
to the thirty crores of
bhikkhus
who were His companions on His renunciation and as well
as to several crores of devas and humans, the Buddha taught the Dhammacakka-pavattana
Sutta, which were taught by previous Buddhas too, and hence beat the drum of His
Dispensation of Nine Constituents
8
, accompanied by the conch of the Four Noble Truths.
What should be particularly mentioned is this: Having attained Omniscience, Buddha
Sumana was desirous of fulfilling the BrahmÈ's request. In order to liberate beings, such as
devas, humans and BrahmÈs
,
from the bondage of existences and to protect those who were
robbed of their treasures of meritorious deeds by the robber of defilements, He built the
Deathless City of NibbÈna with the walls of morality (
sÊla
), the moats of concentration
(
samÈdhi
) that encircled the city and adorned it with the gate of Insight Wisdom (
VipassanÈ
ÒÈÓa
), the doors of mindfulness (
sati
), the grand pavilions and mansions, etc., of
jhÈna
attainments (
samÈpatti
) and was inhabited by the noble citizens of a group of
Dhammas
pertaining to Enlightenment (
Bodhi-pakkhiya
-
dhammas
).
Having thus built the City of NibbÈna, Buddha Sumana created the (unbroken, straight,
tidy, beautiful, broad, and long) boulevard of four Methods of Steadfast Mindfulness
(
SatipaÔÔhÈna
). On either side of the boulevard, He laid out peaceful and pleasant rows of
shops of Dhamma where those who wanted the precious things of Fourfold Fruition
(
phala
), Fourfold Analytical Knowledge (
patisambhidÈ-ÒÈÓa
), Sixfold Psychic Power
(
abhiÒÒÈna
) and Eight
JhÈna
s Attainments (
samÈpatti
), could buy them to their hearts
content with mindfulness (
sati
), energy (
vÊriya
), moral shame of doing evil (
hirÊ
), and
moral dread of doing evil (
ottappa
).
Having thus built the great City of Dhamma and laid out the Market of Dhamma, Buddha
Sumana beat the Drum of Dhamma by delivering the First Sermon, the Dhammacakka-
pavattana Sutta, and provided the means of Liberation to one hundred thousand crores of
devas, humans and BrahmÈs.
(This was the first
DhammÈbhisamaya
.)
In order to subjugate the wrongful conceit of the intoxicated and arrogant heretics in
Sunandavati, Buddha Sumana once performed the marvellous Twin Miracle of water and
fire near a mango tree and administered the Dhamma, the Elixir of Immortality, to devas,
8. Nine Constituents of Buddha's dispensation,
Nava~ga Sarthu SÈsana
: (1)
Sutta –
Discourses
such as Ma~gala Sutta, Ratana Sutta etc. in plain prose. (2)
Geyya –
Discourses interspersed
with many verses such as these in
SaÄÈyatana
Samyutta
. (3)
VeyyÈkarana –
Teaching without
any verses such as
Abhidhamma
PiÔaka
. (4)
GÈthÈ –
Teaching with verses only such as
Dhammapada
,
Thera-gÈthÈ
,
TherÊ-gÈthÈ
. (5) U
dÈna –
Joyful utterance in 28 discourses such as
AnekajÈti
samsÈram
. (6)
Itivuttaka
– 18 discourses beginning with the expression: "Thus said
the Bhagava". (7)
JÈtaka
– 550 birth stories. (8)
Abbh|ta
Dhamma –
Discourses describing the
marvellous attributes of such persons as Œnanda etc. (9)
Vedalla –
Discourses with questions
and answers such as C|la Vedalla Sutta, MahÈ Vedalla Sutta, Sammaditthi Sutta.