THE ANUD¢PAN¢
The list of these ten
upekkhÈs
mentioned by the Commentators do not directly include
PÈramÊ
UpekkhÈ
,
upekkhÈ
as a Perfection. One might, therefore, anxious to know: Is the
exclusion due to the fact that
upekkhÈ
as a Perfection is not associated with any of the ten
or is it an oversight on the part of the Commentators? It could not be said that the
Commentators were so negligent as to leave it out from their list. It is to be taken that
PÈramÊ
UpekkhÈ
is contained in BrahmavihÈr'upekkhÈ.
However, some are of the opinion that
BrahmavihÈr’upekkhÈ
and
PÈramÊ
UpekkhÈ
are
two different things. According to them, taking up one and the same attitude towards one's
foe and friend alike is PÈramÊ UpekkhÈ; taking up one and the same attitude towards
happiness and suffering of beings with the thought that these two conditions are the result
of their own deeds is BrahmavihÈr'upekkhÈ.
That is to say,
PÈramÊ
UpekkhÈ
contemplating happiness and suffering of beings is not
PÈramÊ
UpekkhÈ
but
Brahmavihar'upekkhÈ
.
However, the nature of
UpekkhÈ
PÈramÊ
is explained in the
BuddhavaÑsa
thus:
Tath'eva tvam pi sukhadukkhe
tulÈbh|to sadÈ bhava
upekkhÈpÈramitaÑ gantvÈ
sambodhiÑ pÈpuÓissati.
In this verse, ‘
sukhadukkhe tulÈbh|to
’ means ‘in happiness and suffering, be like the
scales of a balance.’
Thus contemplation of happiness and suffering is taught as the basis of
UpekkhÈ
PÈramÊ
also in the MahÈ Lomahamsa Cariya of the Cariya PiÔaka. It is said:
Ye me dukkham upadahanti
ye ca denti sukhaÑ mama
sabbesaÑ samako homi.
There, also on the basis of those two stages in life, it is taught, ‚Some people do harm
while others give comfort. My attitude towards all of them is the same.‛ ‚
Sukhadukkhe
tulÈbh|to yasesu ca
—— whether in happiness and suffering, or in fame and disgrace, I am
like the scales of a balance.‛
In the AtthasÈlini and the PÈtha JÈtaka Commentary mentioned above, explanations are
given also on the basis of those two mental states: happiness and suffering. ‚Though the
village boys' ill-treatment (spitting of phlegm, etc.) should normally cause suffering and the
villagers' honouring him with flowers, scents, etc. should normally cause happiness, the
Bodhisatta viewed both with a balanced attitude of mind. The Bodhisatta's
upekkhÈ
that did
not deviate from that balanced position was the supreme Perfection of Equanimity,
Paramattha UpekkhÈ PÈramÊ.‛
Besides, when the Visuddhi-magga and the Atthasalini explain the characteristics, etc. of
Brahmavihar'upekkhÈ it is said thus:
Sattesu majjhattakaralakkhana upekkhÈ
—— ‚
upekkhÈ
has the characteristics of viewing things with equanimity‛.
Satta
(beings), here is used as a
general term; it means those who offend and those who show kindness towards oneself, or
those who are happy and those who are suffering. Therefore, taking up a neutral attitude
towards one's foe and friend alike is clearly
Brahmavihar'upekkha
. Therefore, it clearly
means also that
PÈramÊ
UpekkhÈ
is included in
Brahmavihar'upekkhÈ
.
Chapter 1. The Story of Sataketu Deva, The Future Buddha
Ref: The Uproar announcing The Appearance of Buddha
Five KolÈhalas
KolÈhala means a verbal agitation started by a few persons who say: ‚Thus will it
happen‛, before the predicted event actually takes place. It arises among people who are