THE ANUD¢PAN¢
only for the highest
jhÈna
and not for the lower ones. Those who are slow to grasp, reach
the highest stage of
jhÈna
only by acquiring them five times. For them, the Buddha has
taught fivefold
jhÈna
which is called
pancaka
method (method of five). The
jhÈna
acquired
for the first time by them is the first
jhÈna
, that acquired for the second time is the second
jhÈna
and so on up to the fifth
jhÈna
. In this way, there are five
jhÈna
for the dull.
The intelligent, however, reached the highest
jhÈna
after acquiring them four times. For
them, the Buddha has taught fourfold
jhÈna
which is known as
catukka
method (method of
four). The
jhÈna
acquiring for the first time is the first
jhÈna
, and so on. In this way there
are four
jhÈna
for the intelligent.
Those who have not attained any
jhÈna
in either of these two ways should not try to
meditate yet on
upekkhÈ
for the highest stage of
jhÈna
.
UpekkhÈ
, as a subject for
meditation, belongs to the fifth
jhÈna
in the
pancaka
method and to the fourth
jhÈna
in the
catukka
method. The dull can meditate on
upekkhÈ
only when they have attained the fourth
jhÈna
and the intelligent only after acquiring the first three
jhÈna
, by means of other
samatha
subjects. Because, as has been said,
upekkhÈ
is subtle, serene and noble and thus
belongs to the highest
jhÈna
and not to the lower ones.
MettÈ
on the other hand belongs to the lower four or three
jhÈna
. This indicates the fact
that
upekkhÈ
is superior to
mettÈ
. If
upekkhÈ
is not intended as a subject for meditation but
intended as a Perfection to be fulfilled. it can be developed at any time.
MahÈ LomahaÑsa Cariya
With regard to the Perfection of Equanimity, the story of the Bodhisatta's hair-raising,
severe efforts in fulfilling
UpekkhÈ PÈramÊ
will be reproduced from the Cariya PiÔaka
Commentary.
Once the Bodhisatta was born in a family of wealth and rank. When the time came for his
education, he went to a well-known teacher. After completing it, he returned to his parents
to look after them. On their death, his relatives urged him to protect and increase the riches
that he had inherited.
However, the Bodhisatta had developed fear of all realms of existence and his fear was
based on the nature of impermanence of all conditioned things. He also had perceived the
loathsomeness of the body and had no desire at all to be entangled in the thicket of
defilements associated with household life. In fact, his desire to get out of the world of
sensuality had long been growing. Accordingly, he wanted to renounce the world after
abandoning his great wealth. ‚But because of sounds of praise, my renunciation will make
me famous,‛ he thought to himself. Since he disliked fame, gain and honour shown to him,
he did not renounce the world. In order to test himself whether he could unshakably stand
the vicissitude of life, such as gaining and not gaining (wealth), etc. wearing the usual
clothes, he left the house. His special desire was to fulfil the highest form of
UpekkhÈ
PÈramÊ
by enduring ill-treatment of others. Leading a noble life of austerities, he was
thought by people to be a feeble-minded eccentric, one who never showed anger to others.
Regarded as a person to be treated not with respect but with impudence, he roamed about
villages and towns, big and small, spending just one night at each place. But he stayed
longer wherever he was shown the greatest insolence. When his clothes were worn out, he
tried to cover himself with whatever remnant was left. And when that piece was torn away,
he did not accept any garment from anybody but tried to cover himself with anything
available and kept moving.
After living such a life for a long time, he arrived at a village. The village children there
were of aggressive nature. Some kids, belonging to widows and associates of ruling class,
were unsteady, conceited, fickle-minded. garrulous, indulging in loose talk. They wandered
around, always playing practical jokes on others. When they saw aged and poor people
walking, they followed them and threw ashes on their backs. They tried to place ketaki
leaves under the old people's arm-pits (just to make them feel uncomfortable). When the
old people turned round to look at them, they mimicked their movements and manners by
bending their backs, curving their legs, pretending to be dumb, etc., and had great fun