THE ANUD¢PAN¢
(9) sabbe anariyÈ kammassakÈ (all persons who have not yet attained the state of ariyas
have kamma as their own property);
(10) sabbe devÈ kammassakÈ (all devas have kamma as their own property);
(11) sabbe manussÈ kammassakÈ (all humans have kamma as their own property); and
(12) sabbe vinipÈtikÈ kammassakÈ (all
petas
belonging to miserable states have kamma as
their own property).
When these twelve are applied to the ten directions the result is 120. To these are added
twelve methods which have no reference to any direction and the total number of methods
becomes 132. Any one of these suitable methods may be used in developing
upekkhÈ
but it
should not be taken that the other methods are inapplicable.
To make it clearer: As in the case of
mettÈ
, one may develop
upekkhÈ
by using other
terms for beings and persons if one so desires. The word ‘
kammassakÈ
’ may also be
replaced by other PÈli terms of the same meaning, which are mentioned in the Abhinha
Sutta, NÊvarana Vagga, PaÒcaka NipÈta of the A~guttara NikÈya. There it is said:
sabbe
sattÈ kammassakÈ, kammadÈyÈdÈ, kammayoni, kammabandh|, kammapaÔissaranÈ
.
(1) kammassakÈ, ‘having kamma as one's property’;
(2) kammadÈyÈdÈ, ‘having kamma as one's heritage’;
(3) kammayonÊ, ‘having kamma as one's origin’;
(4) kammabandh|, ‘having kamma as one's own friend’;
(5) kammapaÔissaraÓÈ, ‘having kamma as one's refuge’.
Since all these five
PÈli
terms have one and the same significance, one may develop
upekkhÈ
by substituting ‘
sabbe satta kammassakÈ
’ with any of the following four
expressions that pleases one or that is understood well by one.
sabbe sattÈ kammadÈyÈdÈ,
sabbe sattÈ kammayoni,
sabbe sattÈ kammabandh|,
sabbe sattÈ kammapaÔissaraÓÈ.
A Point to consider
In this connection, a point to consider is this: It is clear that
mettÈ
is a Perfection to be
fulfilled for the welfare of beings and thus deserves to be considered as a noble Perfection.
On the other hand, though
upekkhÈ
is a Perfection to be fulfilled, it is a mental disposition
which holds that ‚happiness or suffering is one's lot in life; if one is possessed of good
deeds for happiness, one will be happy; if one is possessed of bad deeds for suffering, one
will suffer. I can do nothing to alter the
kamma
of others.‛ Is it not difficult to call such an
attitude noble? Will it be wrong if one says that
upekkhÈ
is an attitude of mind which does
not care for the welfare of beings and which remains apathetic towards them? It is
therefore, necessary to consider why
upekkhÈ
is ranked as an exalted virtue of Perfection.
In both secular and spiritual matters, it is natural that something which is difficult to get
is of great value and something which is easy to get is of little value. It is, therefore, a
common knowledge that in the world, easily available materials, such as pebbles and sand
are cheap, whereas gold, silver, rubies and other gems, which are hard to come by, are
precious.
Similarly in spiritual matters, greed, hate and other unwholesome mental states are likely
to arise easily; accordingly they are of little worth. It requires no special exertion to let
them arise. As a matter of fact, what is difficult is to prevent them from arising in an
uncontrollable manner. They are indeed like useless weeds. On the other hand,
dÈna
,
sÊla
and other wholesome deeds cannot happen without putting forth necessary efforts; they do
not take place automatically. One of such meritorious deeds is development of genuine
mettÈ
which is superior to
dÈna
and
sÊla
. This genuine loving-kindness is indeed difficult to
be developed.