THE GREAT CHRONICLE OF BUDDHAS
1662
because of the agreement made among themselves. Finding Roja's reply unpleasant,
Œnanda approached the Buddha and told him of it. He also requested the Buddha to make
Roja's mind more pliant. The Buddha then directed His thoughts of
mettÈ
exclusively to
Roja, who could not remain still in his residence and like a calf which has been separated
from its mother, went to the monastery where the Buddha was staying. With genuine faith
in the Buddha arising in him, he paid homage to the Buddha and listened to His sermon, as
a result of which he became a
sotÈpanna
.
At another time, too, when members of the Sangha
,
with the Buddha at its head, entered
the city of RÈjagaha and went on alms-round. Devadatta, after consulting King AjÈtasattu,
sent NÈÄÈgÊri the Elephant, who was in must, to attack the Buddha. The Buddha overcame
the elephant by suffusing him with
mettÈ
. Then the citizens of RÈjagaha recited with joy the
following verse:
DaÓÉen'eke damayanti ankusÈhi kasÈhi ca
adaÓÉena asatthena ÓÈgo danto mahesinÈ.
Some cattle-trainers, elephant-trainers and horse-trainers tame (their
respective animals) by beating or hurting them with a goad or a whip.
However the mad elephant NÈÄÈgÊri has been tamed by the Buddha without
any stick or any weapon.
(j) The Perfection of Equanimity (UpekkhÈ-PÈramÊ)
Meaning of UpekkhÈ
A literal translation of the PÈli word ‘upekkhÈ’ would be ‘taking up a balanced view’
which means maintenance of a neutral position between the two extremes of sorrow and
happiness. Traditional Myanmar scholars rendered it as ‘indifference’.
If the meaning of this rendering is not well thought of, one is liable to misinterpret it as
‘being inattentive’, ‘being negligent’. But
upekkhÈ
is not remaining inattentive or negligent.
UpekkhÈ
pays attention to objects but only in a balanced manner with the feeling of
neutrality when encountering objects of sorrow or objects of happiness.
Development of UpekkhÈ
Development of
upekkhÈ
is the same as that of
mettÈ
mentioned in the
PaÔisambhidÈmagga. As mentioned above, the methods to be adopted in developing
mettÈ
are 528 because there are four basic modes. On the other hand, in developing
upekkhÈ
there
is only one mode which is
kammassakÈ
meaning ‘all beings have deeds,
kamma
(done by
them) as their own property.’ Therefore, the methods in this case form one fourth of 528
which is 132.
As in developing
mettÈ
, there are twelve categories of beings: five
anodhisa
(unspecified)
and seven
odhisa
(specified). Since there is just one mode of it, we have twelve methods
only that are to be adopted before applying them to the ten directions:
(1) sabbe sattÈ kammassakÈ (all beings have kamma as their own property);
(2) sabbe paÓÈ kammassakÈ (all living things have kamma as their own property);
(3) sabbe bh|stÈ kammassakÈ (all existing creatures have kamma as their own property);
(4) sabbe puggalÈ kammassakÈ (all persons or individuals have kamma as their own
property);
(5) sabbe attabhÈvapariyÈpannÈ kammassakÈ (all those who have come to individual
existences bodies have kamma as their own property);
(6) sabbÈ itthiyo kammassakÈ (all women have kamma as their own property);
(7) sabbe purisÈ kammassakÈ (all men have kamma as their own property);
(8) sabbe ariyÈ kammassakÈ (all noble ones have kamma as their own property);