THE ANUD¢PAN¢
As
mettÈ
is one of the Ten Perfections, it should be directed towards other beings until
they return their goodwill to oneself, as per example the Bodhisatta Suvannasama and
others. Not only is
mettÈ
included in the Ten Perfections, but included in the forty methods
of
Samatha
meditation, which leads to attainment of
jhÈna
and
abhiÒÒanas
. Therefore,
Bodhisattas and virtuous men of ancient times developed
mettÈ
and with sharp and intense
concentration attained
jhÈnas
and
abhiÒÒÈnas
(which are called AppanÈ in PÈli). To give
illustrations of such an attainment while fulfilling the Perfections, the Seyya JÈtaka,
Abbhantara Vagga of the Tika NipÈta, and the EkarÈja JÈtaka, Kali~ga Vagga of the
Catukka NipÈta, may be cited.
Seyya JÈtaka
A synopsis of the Seyya JÈtaka: King Brahmadatta of BÈrÈÓasÊ ruled righteously,
fulfilling his ten kingly duties. He gave alms, kept the Five Precepts, observed
uposatha
morality. Then a minister, who had committed a crime in the palace, was expelled by the
King from the kingdom. He went to the neighbouring country of Kosala and while serving
the King there, he urged him to attack and conquer BÈrÈÓasÊ which, he said, could easily be
done. King Kosala followed his suggestion, arrested and imprisoned King Brahmadatta,
who put up no resistance at all, with his ministers.
In the prison, Brahmadatta directed his
mettÈ
towards Kosala, who had robbed him of his
kingdom, and in due course he (Brahmadatta) attained mettÈ-jhÈna. Because of the power
of that
mettÈ
, the robber King Kosala felt burning sensations throughout his whole body as
if it were burnt with torches. Suffering from particularly severe pain, he asked his
ministers: ‚Why has this happened to me?‛ They replied: ‚O King, you suffer thus because
you have imprisoned King Brahmadatta who is endowed with morality.‛ Thereupon Kosala
hurried to the Bodhisatta Brahmadatta, begged for forgiveness and returned BÈrÈÓasÊ to
Brahmadatta, saying: ‚Let your country be yours again.‛ From this story it is clear that
mettÈ
is conducive to attainment of
jhÈna
.
EkarÈja JÈtaka
The story of EkarÈja: Once upon a time, a minister serving King Brahmadatta of BÈrÈÓasÊ
committed an offence. The story thus begins with the same incident as that in the previous
Seyya JÈtaka. Both the Seyya JÈtaka and the EkarÈja JÈtaka runs like the MahÈ SÊlava JÈtaka
of the Ekaka NipÈta. For the full story read the MahÈ SÊlava JÈtaka.
What is peculiar to the EkarÈja JÈtaka is this: While King of BÈrÈÓasÊ was sitting in great
state with his ministers in the courtyard, King Dubbhisena of Kosala had him tied and
caged and then hung upside down above a doorstep in the palace. Having developed
mettÈ
with the robber king as the object of his contemplation, Brahmadatta attained
jhÈnas
and
abhiÒÒÈÓas
. He managed to release himself from bondage and sat cross-legged in the sky.
Dubbhisena's body became burning hot and the heat was so intense that he rolled from side
to side on the ground, grumbling: ‚It's so hot; it's so hot.‛ Then he asked his ministers:
‚Why has this happened to me?‛ The ministers replied: ‚O King, you suffer very painfully
like this because you have wrongly arrested and suspended upside-down the virtuous and
innocent King.‛ ‚In that case, go and quickly release him.‛ Under this order, the royal
servants promptly went where the King Brahmadatta was and saw him sitting cross-legged
in the sky. So they turned back and reported the matter to King Dubbhisena.
The Buddha's MettÈ
Once while members of the Sangha headed by the Buddha were travelling to Kusinara,
Malla princes made an agreement among themselves that any one of them who did not
extend his welcome to the congregation would be punished. Accordingly, a Malla prince,
Roja by name, who was a friend of Œnanda while he was a layman, extended his welcome
with other Malla princes to the congregation. Thereupon Œnanda said admiringly to Roja
that it was a great opportunity to do so as the congregation was under the Buddha's
headship. Roja replied that he did so not because he had faith in the Triple Gem but