THE ANUD¢PAN¢
NÈ' timaÒÒetha katthaci nam kaÒ ci.
VyÈrosanÈ patighasaÒÒÈ,
NÈnnamaÒÒassa dukkham iccheyya.
The meaning is: 'May not one being deceive another; may not one despise another; may
they not wish to cause suffering to one another by offending and hurting physically,
verbally and mentally." Contemplating thus is development of
AhitadukkhÈnÈgamapatthanÈ
mettÈ
.
It may be asked: ‚Why development of
mettÈ
is described not in one way only but in
several different ways in the PaÔisambhidÈ-magga and the MettÈ Sutta?"
The answer is: The mind of a worldling roams about continuously from one sense object
to another. The mind, in such a state, cannot be kept steady on the object of
mettÈ
by
adopting one means only. Steady concentration of the mind can be achieved by repeated
change of method of contemplation. Therefore, a variety of ways of developing
mettÈ
was
taught by the Buddha. Sages of later times, too, were obliged to explain these different
ways. (Or alternative explanation:) Those who develop
mettÈ
are of different basic
aptitudes; for some
anodhisa mettÈ
method is more comprehensible; for some
odhisa mettÈ
method is more intelligible; for some mode of suffusing beings in different directions with
mettÈ
is more lucid; for some
sabbasangÈhika
means of the
MettÈ Sutta
is clearer; for some
dukabhÈvanÈ
is more suitable; still for some
tikabhÈvanÈ
means is more appropriate. Since
the different basic aptitudes of those who develop
mettÈ
require adoption of diverse means
suitable for each individual, the Buddha had to teach these different method and later
teachers had to explain them fully.
The Bodhisatta's MettÈ
How the Bodhisatta had developed
mettÈ
(how he had fulfilled the Perfection of Loving-
kindness) has been explained in the Suvannasama JÈtaka
told in the Cariya PiÔaka
and the
MahÈ NipÈta (of the JÈtaka). The story as told in the Cariya PiÔaka in brief is as follows:
‚Dear SÈriputta, when I was SuvaÓÓasÈma, living in the residence made ready by Sakka, I
directed loving-kindness towards lions and tigers in the forest. I lived there being
surrounded by lions, tigers, leopards, wolves, buffaloes, spotted deer and bears. None of
these animals was frightened by me: nor am I frightened any of them. I was happy living in
the forest as I was fortified with the powers of
mettÈ
.‛
From this passage, we know nothing of SuvaÓÓasÈma's family, birth, etc.; we know from
it only of his noble and happy living without a trace of fear for the beasts in the forest,
sustained by the virtues of his loving-kindness.
In the MahÈ NipÈta, however, it is said that when the Bodhisatta SuvaÓÓasÈma was struck
by an arrow, he asked: ‚Why did you shoot me with the arrow?‛ and King Piliyakkha
replied: ‚While I was aiming at a deer, the deer that had come nearer to the point of the
arrow fled, being frightened by you. So I was annoyed and shot you.‛ Then SuvaÓÓasÈma
replied: ‚
Na mam migÈ uttasanti, araÒÒe sÈpadÈnipi
. —— Seeing me, deers are not
frightened; nor are the other beasts of the forest.‛ He also said:
‚O King, even
KinnarÈs
who, with a very timid nature, are living in the mountain
of GandhamÈdana, would joyfully come to me while they are roaming in the hills
and forests.‛
From this PÈli verse, it is known that the Bodhisatta SuvaÓÓasÈma, living in the forest,
directed
mettÈ
towards all forest-dwelling animals including
KinnarÈs
and that he was
accordingly loved by each and very animal in the forest.
In the list of eleven advantages that accrue by developing
mettÈ
, one is: being loved by
devas, humans, demons and ghosts. But from the SuvaÓÓasÈma story, we know that animals
too love one who develops
mettÈ
. (The eleven advantages of developing
mettÈ
have been
shown in connection with the
Navanga Uposatha
in the Section on the Perfection of
Morality). Of these eleven advantages, in connection with
amanussanÈm piyo
, ‘love of
deva, demons and ghosts’, the story of the Venerable VisÈkhÈ is cited in the BrahmavihÈra